Chapter 13

For each of the following neutral atoms give the core charge. a) Li. b) \(\quad \ddot{\mathrm{Cl}}\) c) He:

Give the Lewis representation for each of the following atoms. a) iodine b) calcium c) phosphorus

Given the shell model of the atom, suggest a possible reason that Lewis proposed a maximum of two electrons for hydrogen and a maximum of eight for carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine atoms?

Answer the following for the nitrogen atom: a) What is the Lewis representation for \(\mathrm{N} ?\) b) How many additional electrons does one \(\mathrm{N}\) atom require when it forms a molecule? c) What is the likely formula for a molecule composed of hydrogen atoms and one nitrogen atom? Draw the Lewis structure for this molecule.

What is the likely formula for a molecule composed of hydrogen atoms and one sulfur atom? Draw the Lewis structure for this molecule.

Make a checklist that can be used to determine if a Lewis structure for a molecule is correct.

Without attempting to draw a Lewis structure, calculate the total number of valence electrons in each of these molecules: a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}\) b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) c) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)

What is the total number of electrons in the Lewis structure in Model 3 for each molecule: a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}\) b) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\) c) \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)

For \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), is the sum of the bonding electrons and the lone pair electrons (also known as nonbonding electrons) around each Cl atom consistent with the Lewis model?

For \(\mathrm{N}_{2}\), is the sum of the bonding electrons and nonbonding electrons around each nitrogen atom consistent with the Lewis model?

For \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}\) : a) Is the sum of the bonding electrons and lone pair electrons around the carbon atom consistent with the Lewis model? b) Is the sum of the bonding electrons and lone pair electrons (nonbonding electrons) around the oxygen atom consistent with the Lewis model?

Revise (as necessary) your checklist that can be used to determine if a Lewis structure for a molecule is correct.

Use your checklist to determine whether or not the following is a correct structure for \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}=\) $$ \ddot{O}=\mathrm{C}=\ddot{O}^{*} $$