Chapter 18

The most solar radiation reaches the ground at __________. a. the equator b. the North Pole c. midlatitudes d. the South Pole

When air is heated, it _________ and can hold ________ water. a. sinks, less b. sinks, more c. rises, less d. rises, more

In what direction do ocean currents circulate water in the Northern Hemisphere? a. clockwise b. counterclockwise

Plants in ________ are adapted to periodic fires. a. deserts b. taiga c. arctic tundra d. chaparral

Permafrost underlies _________. a. grasslands b. arctic tundra c. temperate deciduous forests d. coniferous forests

The taiga is a broad northern biome dominated by _________. a. conifers b. mosses and lichens c. grasses d. deciduous broadleaf trees

Prokaryotes that can obtain energy from minerals are the main producers at ________. a. hydrothermal vents b. estuaries c. coral reefs d. sandy shores

Which would hold more oxygen? a. a fast-moving, cool stream b. a warm pond

Match the terms with their most suitable description. _______tundra _______chaparral _______desert _______prairie _______estuary _______taiga _______tropical rain forest a. freshwater and seawater mix b. low humidity, and little rainfall c. North American grassland d. fire-adapted shrubs e. low-growing plants at high latitudes or high elevations f. northern coniferous forest g. broadleaf trees are active all year

An__________ species has population levels so low it is at great risk of extinction in the near future. a. endemic b. endangered c. indicator d. exotic

An___________ species can be monitored to gauge the health of its environment. a. endemic b. endangered c. indicator d. exotic

The 1930 s environmental disaster known as the Dust Bowl is an example of __________. a. deforestation b. desertification c. ecological restoration d. species extinction

The main threat to the ozone layer is __________. a. use of CFCs b. acid rain c. burning of fossil fuels d. deforestation

Acid rain ________. a. harms aquatic ecosystems b. kills trees c. is a type of pollution d. all of the above