Chapter 11

Which of the following is not part of natural selection? a. environmental resources b. differences in traits c. neutral mutations d. competition among individuals

The number of species on an island depends on the size of the island and its distance from a mainland. This statement would most likely be made by _____. a. an explorer b. a biogeographer c. comparative morphology d. a lineage

The bones of a bird's wing are similar to the bones in a bat's wing. This observation is an example of _____. a. uniformity b. evolution c. comparative morphology d. a lineage

If the half-life of a radioisotope is 20,000 years, then a sample in which three-quarters of that radioisotope has decayed is _____ years old. a. 15,000 b. 26,667 c. 30,000 d. 40,000

_____ has/have influenced the fossil record. a. Sedimentation and compaction b. Tectonic plate movements c. Prevailing belief systems d. a and b

Evidence suggests that life originated in the _____. a. Archaean b. Proterozoic c. Phanerozoic d. Cambrian

Through _____, a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent. a. analogous structures b. homologous structures c. morphological convergence d. morphological divergence

Homologous structures among major groups of organisms may differ in _____. a. size b. shape c. function d. all of the above

Some mutations are neutral because they do not affect _____. a. amino acid sequence b. nucleotide sequence c. the chances of survival d. body form

By altering steps in the program by which embryos develop, a mutation in a _____ may lead to major differences in body form between related lineages. a. coprolite b. homeotic gene c. homologous structure d. all of the above

Match the terms with the most suitable description. fitness _____ fossils _____ natural selection _____ half-life _____ catastrophism _____ uniformity _____ analogous structures _____ sedimentary rock _____ homologous structures _____ a. measured by reproductive success b. geologic change occurs continuously c. geologic change occurs in sudden major events d. good for finding fossils e. survival of the fittest f. characteristic of a radioisotope g. insect wing and bird wing h. human arm and bird wing i. evidence of life in distant past