Chapter 6

Mitochondrial defects can be inherited because ____ . a. mitochondria produce ATP in all eukaryotic cells b. mitochondria contain their own DNA and divide independently of the cell c. the balance of free radicals tips toward oxidative stress d. errors in DNA can affect mitochondrial electron transfer chains

Glycolysis occurs in the _____ of all cells. a. nucleus b. mitochondrion c. plasma membrane d. cytoplasm

Which molecule does not form during glycolysis? a. NADH b. Pyruvate c. \(\mathrm{FADH}_{2}\) d. ATP

In eukaryotes, the citric acid cycle takes place in the \(-\) of mitochondria. a. outer membrane b. intermembrane space c. inner membrane d. matrix

______accepts electrons at the end of electron transfer chains in aerobic respiration. a. Water b. \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) c. \(0_{2}\) d. NADH

Most of the energy that aerobic respiration releases from glucose ends up in ______. a. NADH b. ATP c. heat d. electrons

Put the following pathways in the order they occur during aerobic respiration. a. electron transfer phosphorylation b. acetyl-CoA formation c. citric acid cycle d. glycolysis

In eukaryotes, the final reactions of fermentation are completed in _______. a. the nucleus b. mitochondria c. the plasma membrane d. cytoplasm

Which of the following is not produced by an animal muscle cell operating under anaerobic conditions? a. heat b. pyruvate c. PGAL d. ATP e. lactate f. oxygen

Carbon dioxide is produced during _____ fermentation. a. lactate b. alcoholic c. aerobic d. eukaryotic

One of the main differences between aerobic respiration and fermentation is ______. a. fermentation occurs only in prokaryotic cells b. ATP forms only in aerobic respiration c. fermentation uses no electron transfer chains d. aerobic respiration requires no oxygen

Which of the following molecules cannot be oxidized to produce ATP? a. glucose b. a fatty acid c. pyruvate d. oxygen

Match the term with the best description. mitochondrial matrix product of glycolysis \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) alcoholic fermentation anaerobic NADH oxidative stress mitochondrial electron transfer phosphorylation acetyl-CoA a. needed for glycolysis b. inner space c. produces \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) d. pyruvate e. no oxygen required f. reduced coenzyme g. oxygen required h. intermediate in fatty acid breakdown i. outcome of defective mitochondria