Chapter 24

In animals that have a gastrovascular cavity, digestion is ________. a. intracellular b. extracellular

A complete digestive system ________. a. releases waste ammonia through a pore in the body wall b. allows one-way traffic from mouth to anus c. occurs only in vertebrates d. functions in both respiration and digestion

In humans, digestion is completed and most nutrients are absorbed in the ________. a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. rectum

Bile has roles in ________ digestion and absorption. a. carbohydrate b. fat c. protein d. amino acid

Bacteria that produce vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{12}\) and beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) live in the ________. a. stomach b. small intestine c. large intestine d. esophagus

Match each structure with its description. gallbladder large intestine liver small intestine stomach pancreas gastrovascular cavity a. makes bile, stores glycogen b. compacts undigested residues c. secretes enzymes, buffer d. receives bile and pancreatic enzymes e. secretes gastric fluid f. saclike gut g. stores, secretes bile

Essential fatty acids are ________ . a. derived only from animal products b. saturated fats c. synthesized from vitamins d. not made by the body

Microvilli ________ . a. increase the surface area of the stomach b. are the main type of cell in the lining of the small intestine c. project from the surface of cells in the small intestine d. produce bile

Iron is the ________ most often deficient in the diet. a. vitamin b. mineral nutrient c. essential fatty acid d. essential amino acid

Birds convert ammonia to ________ for excretion. a. proteins b. urea c. uric acid d. nucleic acid

Urinary filtration moves ________ and small solutes into kidney tubules. a. Water b. insoluble fiber c. large proteins d. red blood cells

Water loss triggers a (n) ________ in ADH secretion. a. increase b. decrease

Kidneys return water and small solutes to the blood by the process of ________. a. filtration b. reabsorption c. tubular secretion d. dialysis

Kidneys adjust the blood acidity by increasing or decreasing the ________ of hydrogen ions \(\left(\mathrm{H}^{+}\right)\). a. filtration b. reabsorption c. secretion d. production

Match each structure with a function. ureter cloaca urethra nephron Malpighian tubule a. exit for urine and feces b. delivers urine to body surface c. carries urine from kidney to bladder d. delivers solutes to insect gut e. many inside a kidney