Chapter 14

Evolution of ______ led to an accumulation of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere. a. aerobic respiration b. lactate fermentation c. chemoautotrophs d. the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis

Stanley Miller's experiment demonstrated ______. a. the great age of Earth b. that amino acids self-assemble under some conditions c. that oxygen is necessary for all life d. the feasibility of the endosymbiont hypothesis

The universal need for iron-sulfur cofactors is taken as evidence that metabolism may have begun ______. a. on a meteorite b. on a mudflat c. on a rock near a hydrothermal vent

Mitochondria are descendants of ______ . a. methanogenic archaea b. aerobic bacteria c. cyanobacteria d. green algae

______ take up carbon dioxide from seawater and use it to make a chalky shell. a. Ciliates b. Diatoms c. Foraminifera d. Cyanobacteria

Oil-rich remains of ancient ______ are the main source of the petroleum that we use to make gasoline. a. diatoms b. ciliates c. foraminifera d. red algae

Some ______ live in corals and supply them with sugars. a. ciliates b. viruses c. kelps d. dinoflagellates

The closest protistan relatives of animals are the ______. a. amoebozoans b. choanoflagellates c. ciliates d. foraminifera

Some ______ make nitrogen available to producers by carrying out nitrogen fixation. a. green algae b. diatoms c. bacteria d. viruses

Genetic material of a ______ can be either DNA or RNA. a. bacteria b. dinoflagellate c. ciliate d. Virus

The genetic material of HIV is _______. a. protein b. DNA c. RNA d. ATP

Viral transfer of genes between bacteria is called ______. a. conjugation b. viral reassortment c. transduction d. transformation

Archaea _______. a. are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria b. were the first prokaryotes c. commonly cause human disease d. live only in hot or salty environments

Match these terms with the appropriate definition. $$\begin{array}{cc}\text{green algae} & \text{a. oxygen-producing prokaryote} \\\ \text{virus} & \text{b. social amoeba} \\ \text{methanogen} & \text{c. whirling cell} \\ \text{brown algae} & \text{d. noncellular infectious agent} \\\ \text{bioluminescence} & \text{e. include the largest protists} \\\ \text{euglena} & \text{f. flagellate with chloroplasts} \\\ \text{cyanobacteria} & \text{g. closest relative of plants} \\\ \text{dinoflagellate} & \text{h. layered prokaryotes and sediment} \\\ \text{slime mold} & \text{i. biologically produced light} \\\ \text{stromatolite} & \text{j. methane producer} \end{array}$$