Chapter 25

_________, signaling molecules released by endocrine cells and glands, enter the blood and are distributed through the body. a. Hormones b. Neurotransmitters c. Endocrine disruptors d. all of the above

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are hormones produced in the hypothalamus but released from the ______. a. pineal gland b. pituitary gland c. pancreas d. thalamus

Protein hormones typically bind to receptors ________ a. in the DNA b. in the cytoplasm c. at the plasma membrane d. both a and \(c\)

Match each pituitary hormone with its target. ________ antidiuretic hormone _______ oxytocin _______ luteinizing hormone _______ growth hormone a. gonads (ovaries, testes) b. mammary glands, uterus c. kidneys d. most body cells

Overproduction of ________ causes acromegaly and gigantism. a. melatonin b. insulin c. growth hormone d. cortisol

The ________ regulate(s) calcium levels in the blood. a. hypothalamus b. pancreas c. pineal gland d. parathyroid glands

______ lowers blood sugar level; _______ raises it. a. Glucagon; insulin b. Insulin; glucagon c. Melatonin; insulin d. Cortisol; glucagon

A rise in the concentration of thyroid hormone in the blood slows the release of thyroid hormone. This is an example of ________. a. positive feedback b. negative feedback

The ________ produces digestive enzymes and hormones. a. hypothalamus b. pancreas c. pineal gland d. parathyroid gland

Thyroid hormone _________ a. requires vitamin D for activity b. influences development of the nervous system c. is secreted in response to signals from the adrenal gland d. all of the above

True or false? Only women make follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

During stressful situations, the adrenal glands increase their output of _________. a. cortisol b. epinephrine c. norepinephrine d. all of the above

The male sex hormone testosterone is secreted in response to secretion of hormones by the _______. a. testes b. ovaries c. pituitary gland d. pancreas

Match the hormone source listed at left with the most suitable description at right. ________ adrenal cortex ________ thyroid gland _______ pineal gland _________ parathyroid glands _______ pancreatic islets ________ posterior pituitary ________ hypothalamus ________ testes a. make gametes and hormones b. major control center c. influence blood calcium level d. stress increases secretions e. light inhibits secretion f. hormones require iodine g. regulate blood sugar level h. secretes hormones made by cell bodies in the hypothalamus