Chapter 8

Which is not a nucleotide base in DNA? a. adenine b. guanine c. glutamine d. thymine e. cytosine f. All are in DNA.

What are the base-pairing rules for DNA? a. \(A-G, T-C\) b. \(A-C, T-G\) c. \(A-T, G-C\)

Variation in ______ is the basis of variation in traits. a. karyotype b. the DNA sequence c. the double helix d. chromosome number

One species' DNA differs from others in its ______. a. nucleotides b. DNA sequence c. sugar-phosphate backbone d. all of the above

In eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA wraps around ______. a. histone proteins b. nucleosomes c. centromeres d. none of the above

Human body cells are diploid, which means _______. a. they are complete b. they have two sets of chromosomes c. they contain sex chromosomes

When DNA replication begins, _______. a. the two DNA strands unwind from each other b. the two DNA strands condense for base transfers c. old strands move to find new strands

DNA replication requires _______. a. DNA polymerase b. nucleotides c. primers d. all are required

Energy that drives the attachment of a nucleotide to the end of a growing strand of DNA comes from ______. a. ATP b. DNA polymerase c. the nucleotide d. a and c

The phrase "5' to 3" " refers to the ______. a. timing of DNA replication b. directionality of DNA synthesis c. number of phosphate groups

After DNA replication, a eukaryotic chromosome ______. a. consists of two sister chromatids b. has a characteristic X shape c. is constricted at the centromere d. all of the above

All mutations ______. a. cause cancer b. lead to evolution c. are caused by radiation d. change the DNA sequence

_______ is an example of reproductive cloning. a. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) b. Multiple offspring from the same pregnancy c. Artificial embryo splitting d. a and \(c\)

Match the terms appropriately. ______ bacteriophage _____ clone _____ nucleotide _____ diploid _____ DNA ligase _____ DNA polymerase _____ autosome _____ mutation a. nitrogen-containing base, sugar, phosphate group(s) b. copy of an organism c. does not determine sex d. injects DNA e. seals breaks in a DNA strand f. can cause cancer g. two chromosomes of each type h. adds nucleotides to a growing DNA strand