Chapter 40

An insect's ____ deliver nitrogen-rich waste to its gut a. nephridia b. nephrons c. Malpighian tubules d. contractile vacuoles

Body fluids of a marine bony fish have a solute concentration that is ___ its surroundings. a. higher than b. lower than c. equal to

Bowman's capsule, the start of the tubular part of a nephron, is located in the ___. a. renal cortex b. renal medulla c. renal pelvis d. renal artery

Fluid that enters Bowman's capsule flows directly into the ___. a. renal artery b. proximal tubule c. distal tubule d. loop of Henle

Blood pressure forces water and small solutes into Bowman's capsule during ____. a. glomerular filtration b. tubular reabsorption c. tubular secretion d. both a and c

Kidneys return most of the water and small solutes back to blood by way of ____. a. glomerular filtration b. tubular reabsorption c. tubular secretion d. both a and b

ADH binds to receptors on distal tubules and collecting tubules, making them ___ permeable to ___. a. more; water b. less; water c. more; sodium d. less; sodium

Increased sodium reabsorption ____.. a. will make urine more concentrated b. will make urine more dilute c. is stimulated by aldosterone d. both a and c

Secretion of \(\mathrm{H}^{+}\) into kidney tubules ___. a. makes extracellular fluid less acidic b. makes urine less acidic c. can cause acidosis d. both a and c

Match each structure with a function. _____ureter _____ Bowman's capsule _____urethra _____collecting tubule _____pituitary gland a. start of nephron b. delivers urine to body surface c. carries urine from kidney to bladder d. secretes ADH e. target of aldosterone

An increased capacity for sodium absorption is adaptive for humans who live in ______ a climate. a. hot b. cold c. rainy d. temperate

The main control center for maintaining mammalian body temperature is in the ____ a. anterior pituitary b. renal cortex c. adrenal gland d. hypothalamus

Which has a higher metabolic rate? a. an endotherm b. an ectotherm

How does the human body respond to an increase in core body temperature? a. Decreased blood flow to the skin b. Increased sweating c. Increased activity of brown adipose tissue d. Increased output of thyroid hormone

Which organelle in brown adipose tissue gives this tissue its heightened capacity to produce heat? a. mitochondria b. endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi bodies d. ribosomes