Chapter 37

___________ trigger immune responses. a. Cytokines b. Lysozymes c. Antibodies d. Antigens e. Histamines f. all of the above

Which of the following is not among the first line of defenses against infection? a. skin b. acidic gastric fluid c. lysozyme in saliva d. resident bacterial populations e. complement activation f. flushing action of diarrhea

Which of the following is not considered to be part of an innate immune response? a. phagocytic cells b. fever c. histamines d. cytokines e. inflammation f. complement activation g. presenting antigen h. all take part

Which of the following is not considered to be part of an innate immune response? a. phagocytic cells b. antigen-presenting cells c. histamines d. cytokines e. antigen receptors f. complement activation g. antibodies h. all take part

Activated complement proteins ________. a. form attack complexes b. promote inflammation c. attract phagocytic cells d. all of the above

Name a defining characteristic of innate immunity.

Antibodies are ___________. a. antigen receptors b. made only by B cells c. proteins d. all of the above

A dendritic cell engulfs a bacterium, then presents bacterial bits on its surface along with a(n) __________. a. MHC marker b. antibody c. \(\mathrm{T}\) cell receptor d. antigen

Antibody-mediated responses are most effective against ____________. a. intracellular pathogens b. extracellular pathogens c. cancerous cells d. both a and b e. both b and c f . \(a, b,\) and \(c\)

Cell-mediated responses are most effective against ___________. a. intracellular pathogens b. extracellular pathogens c. cancerous cells d. both a and b e. both a and \(c\) f. \(a, b,\) and \(c\)

Allergies occur when the body responds to __________. a. pathogens b. toxins c. normally harmless substances d. all of the above

Name a defining characteristic of adaptive immunity.

___________ are targets of cytotoxic T cells. a. Extracellular virus particles in blood b. Virus-infected body cells or tumor cells c. Parasitic worms in the liver d. Bacterial cells in pus e. Pollen grains in nasal mucus

Which combination of the following types of antibodies and immune cells is central to hay fever? a. IgE and mast cells b. IgG and basophils c. IgA and lymphocytes d. IgM and macrophages

Match the immune cell with the function. _____dendritic cell _____B cell _____helper T cell _____NK cell _____cytotoxic T cell a. kills virus-infected cells b. antigen-presenter c. activates other lymphocytes d. kills cells lacking MHC markers e. makes antibodies

Match the immunity concept with the best description. _____anaphylactic shock _____immune memory _____autoimmunity _____inflammation _____immune deficiency _____antigen receptor _____antigen processing a. recognizes antigen b. inadequate immune response c. general defense mechanism d. immune response against one's own body e. secondary response f. systemic allergic reaction g. presenting antigen together with MHC molecules