Chapter 34

________ are signaling molecules that travel through the blood and affect distant cells in the same individual. a. Hormones b. Neurotransmitters c. Pheromones d. Local signaling molecules e. both a and b f. a through d

A _______ is synthesized from amino acids and cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane. a. steroid hormone b. protein hormone c. peptide hormone d. both b and c

Match each pituitary hormone with its target. $$ \text {________antidiuretic hormone} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {a. gonads (ovaries, testes)} $$ $$ \text {________oxytocin} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {b. mammary glands, uterus} $$ $$ \text {________luteinizing hormone} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {c. kidneys} $$ $$ \text {________growth hormone} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {d. most body cells} $$

Releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus cause secretion of hormones by the _______ pituitary lobe. a. anterior b. posterior

In adults, too much ________ can cause acromegaly. a. melatonin b. cortisol c. insulin d. growth hormone

Function of the ________ declines after puberty. a. parathyroid glands b. thymus c. pancreas d. hypothalamus

Low blood calcium triggers secretion by _________. a. adrenal glands b. ovaries c. parathyroid glands d. the thyroid gland

________ lowers blood sugar levels; ________ raises it. a. Glucagon; insulin b. Insulin; glucagon

The ________ has endocrine and exocrine functions. a. hypothalamus b. parathyroid gland c. pineal gland d. pancreas

Secretion of ________suppresses immune responses. a. melatonin b. antidiuretic hormone c. thyroid hormone d. cortisol

Exposure to bright light lowers blood _________ levels. a. glucagon b. melatonin c. thyroid hormone d. cortisol

True or false? Some heart cells and kidney cells secrete hormones.

True or false? Only women make follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

True or false? All hormones secreted by arthropods such as crabs and insects are also secreted by vertebrates.

Match the term listed at left with the most suitable description at right. $$ \text {________adrenal medulla} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {a. largely inactive in adults} $$ $$ \text {________thyroid gland} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {b. a local signaling molecule} $$ $$ \text {________posterior pituitary gland} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {c. secretes hormones made in the hypothalamus} $$ $$ \text {________pancreatic islets} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {d. source of epinephrine} $$ $$ \text {________thymus} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {e. secrete insulin, glucagon} $$ $$ \text {________prostaglandin} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {f. hormones require iodine} $$