Chapter 28

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are________ for plants. a. macronutrients b. micronutrients c. trace elements d. required elements e. both a and b f. both a and d

Decomposing organic matter in soil is called ________. a. clay b. humus c. silt d. sand

A vascular cylinder consists of ________. a. exodermis b. endodermis c. root cortex d. xylem and phloem e. b and \(\mathrm{d}\) f. all of the above

A________strip between abutting endodermal cell walls forces water and solutes to move through these cells rather than around them. a. cutin b. Casparian c. cohesion d. cellulose

The nutrition of some plants is enhanced by a mutually beneficial association between a root and a fungus. The association is known as a ________. a. root nodule b. mycorrhiza c. root hair d. hypha

Water evaporation from plant parts is called ________. a. translocation b. respiration c. transpiration d. tension

Water transport from roots to leaves occurs by ________. a. a pressure gradient inside sieve tubes b. different solutes at source and sink regions c. the pumping force of xylem vessels d. transpiration, tension, and cohesion of water

Tracheids are part of ________. a. cortex b. mesophyll c. phloem d. xylem

Sieve tubes are part of ________. a. cortex b. mesophyll c. phloem d. xylem

With stomata closed, a waterproof cuticle ________. a. minimizes water loss through plant surfaces b. inhibits gas exchange between the plant and the air c. both a and b

When guard cells swell, ________. a. transpiration ceases b. stomata close c. stomata open d. root cells die

Stomata open in response to light when ________. a. ions flow into guard cell cytoplasm b. ions flow out of guard cell cytoplasm c. water evaporates out of guard cells

In phloem, organic compounds flow through ________. a. collenchyma cells b. sieve tubes c. vessels d. tracheids

Sugar transport from leaves to roots occurs by ________. a. a pressure gradient inside sieve tubes b. different solutes at source and sink regions c. the pumping force of xylem vessels d. transpiration, tension, and cohesion of water

Match the concepts of plant nutrition and transport. ________stomata ________sieve plate ________sink ________root system ________hydrogen bonds ________xylem ________phloem ________perforation plate a. separates cells in tubes of phloem b. takes up soil water and nutrients c. balance water loss with gas exchange d. cohesion in xylem tubes e. sugars unloaded from sieve tubes f. distributes sugars through the plant body g. separates cells in tubes of xylem h. distributes water through the plant body