Chapter 22

Distinguish among or between the following: proembryo, embryo proper, and suspensor; globular stage, heart stage, and torpedo stage; epicotyl and plumule; hypocotyl-root axis and radicle; coleorhiza and coleoptile.

Suggest why the root is the first structure to emerge from a germinating seed.

What environmental factors are especially important for seed germination?

What are some of the ways in which the shoot emerges from the seed during germination? What is meant by epigeous and hypogeous germination?