Chapter 41

Given a selectively permeable membrane that is permeable to water but not to a particular solute and given that there are different solute concentrations on the two sides of the membrane, show the direction of water movement and label the side with the higher osmotic pressure.

Describe how animals gain and lose water and electrolytes.

Name two animals that are osmoconformers and two that are osmoregulators. Explain the difference between the two types of animal.

List three forms of nitrogenous waste and describe how each is an adaptation for the environment in which the animal lives.

Draw a mammalian nephron, label and describe the primary function of each part, and show the direction of water and electrolytes in each part.

Explain how the loop of Henle creates a concentration gradient from the cortex to the medulla.

Describe the role of ADH in the regulation of urine concentration.