Chapter 4

Draw One of the 20 amino acids and label the amino group, the carboxyl group, the side chain (R group), and the \(\alpha\) carbon.

Name four major groups of amino acids, categorized by the properties of their side chains Explain how the chemical properties of each group affect protein shape.

Describe the importance to proteins of peycide bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bridges, and non-covalent interactions (e.g van der Wails forces and the hydrophobic effect).

Explain how the order of amino acids determines the way in which a protein folds.

Explain the relationship between protein folding and protein function.

Describe the relationship between codons of mRNA, ant icodons of tRNA, and amino acids.

Describe the process by which ribosomes synthesine polypcptides.

Name and describe two ways that proteins can acquire new functions in the course of evolution.