Chapter 14

Describe different effects a mutation can have on an organism.

Explain the difference between the mutation rate for a given nucleotide and the mutation rate for a given cell.

Explain what it means to say that mutations are random.

Describe several types of small-scale mutation and their likely effect on an organism.

Explain why the location of a small-scale mutation in the Genome can make a difference in the phenotype.

Describe the differences among silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations.

Describe several types of large-scale mutation and their likely effect on an organism.

Explain how a gene family, such as the odorant receptor gene family, is thought to have evolved.

Name several common mutagens and their effect on DNA.

Describe a DNA repair mechanism.