Chapter 32

A hydrostatic skeleton consists of _____. a. a fluid-filled chamber or chambers b. hardened plates at the surface of a body c. internal hard parts d. none of the above

Release of _____ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum opens binding sites and allows actin and myosin to interact. a. ACh c. calcium b. potassium d. oxygen

Bones move when _____ muscles contract. a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth d. all of the above

A ligament connects _____ . a. bones at a joint c. a muscle to a tendon b. a muscle to a bone d. a tendon to bone

Calcium release from bone is stimulated by ____. a. parathyroid hormone c. myoglobin b. estrogen d.cortisol

Action of the _____ muscle is opposed by action of the triceps muscle.

Skeletal muscle can only ____ bones. a. pull on b. push against

____ is a motor protein that has binding sites for ATP and actin. a. Myoglobin b. Myosin c. Lactate d. Creatine

A sarcomere shortens when _____. a. thick filaments shorten b. thin filaments shorten c. both thick and thin filaments shorten d. none of the above

ATP for muscle contraction can be formed by _____. a. aerobic respiration b. lactate fermentation c. transfer of a phosphate from creatine phosphate d. all of the above

Red muscle fibers get their color from _____. a. ATP b. myosin c. myoglobin d.collagen

A motor unit is _____ . a. a muscle and the bone it moves b. two muscles that work in opposition c. the amount a muscle shortens during contraction d. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

Cheetahs and human sprinters tend to have a high proportion of _____ fibers in their leg muscles. a. white b. fast red c. slow red

The _____ helps reduce friction during locomotion. a. external skeleton of a fly b. elongated backbone of a cheetah c. streamlined body of a predatory fish d. hydrostatic skeleton of an earthworm

Match each item with its description. _____ tendon _____ \(Z\) line _____ myoglobin _____ joint _____ actin _____ red marrow _____ metacarpals _____ muscle fiber _____ sarcoplasmic reticulum a. stores and releases calcium b. all in the hands c. produces blood cells d. multinucleated contractile cell e. area of contact between bones f. at sarcomere ends g. reversibly binds oxygen h. connects muscle to bone i. main component of thin filaments in sarcomere