Chapter 19

_______ can have a genome of either RNA or DNA. a. Bacteria b. Viroids c. Viruses d. Archaea

Which is smallest? a. bacterium b. viroid c. virus d. archaeon

In ________ viral DNA becomes integrated into a bacterial chromosome and is passed to descendant cells. a. binary fission c. the lysogenic pathway b. the lytic pathway d. both \(b\) and \(c\)

During HIV replication, reverse trancriptase reads viral ________ to produce viral ___________. a. DNA; RNA c. RNA; proteins b. RNA; DNA d. DNA; proteins

Viral genomes can be altered by ______________. a. binary fission c. mutation b. recombination d. both \(b\) and \(c\)

Prokaryotic conjugation is a type of ___________. a. sexual reproduction c. horizontal gene transfer b. asexual reproduction d. both \(\mathrm{b}\) and \(\mathrm{c}\)

How many chromosomes do bacteria have?

_________ are oxygen-releasing photoautotrophs. a. Spirochetes c. Cyanobacteria b. Archaeans d. Viroids

Vitamin-producing \(E\). coli cells in your gut are __________. a. normal flora c. proteobacteria b. chemoheterotrophs d. all of the above

A chemical that is released into the environment by bacteria and causes symptoms of disease is a(n) ____________. a. endospore b. endotoxin c. exotoxin d. vector

Infection by some ________ can cause cancer. a. viruses c. archaea b. bacteria d. both a and \(b\)

A Gram-positive coccus is __________. a. spherical b. rod-shaped c. spiral-shaped

Match each disease with the type of pathogen that causes it. Choices may be used more than once. ___tuberculosis ___AIDS ___influenza (flu) ___Lyme disease ___cholera a. virus b. bacteria

Match each group with the most suitable description. ___cyanobacteria ___methanogens ___viroids ___retroviruses ___extreme halophiles ___extreme thermophiles a. contain no protein b. live in salty places c. live in hot places d. release oxygen e. release methane f. RNA genome inside a protein coat