Chapter 16

The number of species on an island usually depends on the size of the island and its distance from a mainland. This statement would most likely be made by __________. a. an explorer b. a biogeographer c. a geologist d. a philosopher

The bones of a bird's wing are similar to the bones in a bat's wing. This observation is an example of _______. a. uniformity b. evolution c. comparative morphology d. a lineage

Evolution ________. a. is natural selection b. is change in a line of descent c. can occur by natural selection \(\mathrm{d} . \mathrm{b}\) and \(\mathrm{c}\) are correct

A trait is adaptive if it a. arises by mutation A trait is adaptive if it _________. a. arises by mutation c. is passed to offspring b. increases fitness d. occurs in fossils c. is passed to offspring d. occurs in fossils

In which type of rock are you more likely to find a fossil? a. basalt, a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock b. limestone, composed of calcium carbonate sediments c. slate, a volcanically melted and cooled shale d. granite, which forms by crystallization of molten rock below Earth's surface

If the half-life of a radioisotope is 20,000 years, then a sample in which three-quarters of that radioisotope has decayed is _______ years old. a. 15,000 b. \(26,667\) c. 30,000 d. 40,000

Did Pangea or Gondwana form first?

Forces that cause geologic change include ________ (select all that are correct). a. erosion b. natural selection c. volcanic activity d. tectonic plate movement e. wind f. meteorite impacts

Homologous structures among major groups of organisms may differ in _________. a. size b. shape c. function d. all of the above

By altering steps in the program by which embryos develop, a mutation in a ___________ may lead to major differences in body form between related lineages. a. derived trait b. homeotic gene c. homologous structure \(\mathrm{d}\). all of the above

All of the following data types can be used as evidence of shared ancestry except similarities in _______. a. amino acid sequence b. DNA sequence c. fossil morphology d. embryonic development e. form due to convergence \(\mathrm{f}\). all are appropriate

Match the terms with the most suitable description. _______ fitness _______ fossils _______ natural selection _______ half-life _______ homologous structures _______ analogous structures _______ lineage _______ sedimentary rock a. line of descent b. measured by relative genetic contribution to future generations c. human arm and bird wing d. evidence of ancient life e. characteristic of radioisotope \(\mathrm{f}\). insect wing and bird wing g. survival of the fittest h. good for finding fossils