Chapter 5

____________is life's primary source of energy. a. Food b. Water c. Sunlight d. ATP

If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then a(n) ___________ reaction is an uphill run. a. endergonic b. exergonic c. catalytic d. both a and c

Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy cannot change from one form to another. c. Energy tends to disperse spontaneously

Enzymes _____________. a. are proteins, except for a few RNAs b. lower the activation energy of a reaction c. are changed by the reactions they catalyze d. a and b

__________are always changed by participating in a reaction. (Choose all that are correct.) a. Enzymes b. Cofactors c. Reactants d. Coenzymes

Name one environmental factor that typically influences enzyme function.

A metabolic pathway ______________. a. may build or break down molecules b. generates heat c. can include an electron transfer chain d. a and \(c\) e. all of the above

Diffusion is the movement of ions or molecules from a region where they are __________ (more/less) concentrated to another where they are __________ (more/less) concentrated.

Name one molecule that can readily diffuse across a lipid bilayer.

Transporters that require an energy boost help sodium ions across a cell membrane. This is a case of ___________. a. passive transport b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. a and c

Immerse a living human cell in a hypotonic solution, and water will tend to _________. a. diftuse into the cell b. diffuse out of the cell c. show no net movement d. move in by endocytosis

Vesicles form during ______________. a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. phagocytosis d. halitosis e. a through f. all of the above

Match each term with its most suitable description. __________reactant __________enzyme __________first law of thermodynamics __________product __________cofactor __________gradient __________passive transport __________active transport __________phagocytosis a. assists enzymes b. forms at reaction's end c. enters a reaction d. unchanged by participating in a reaction e. energy cannot be created or destroyed f. basis of diffusion g. no energy boost required h.one cell engulfs another i. requires energy boost