Chapter 26

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are ___________ for plants. a. macronutrients b. micronutrients c. trace elements d. required elements e. both a and \(\mathrm{d}\)

Decomposing matter in soil is called __________. a. loam b. humus c. topsoil d. nutrients

A ____________ strip between abutting endodermal cell walls forces water and solutes to move through these cells rather than around them. a. cutin b. Casparian c. cohesion d. cellulose

The nutrition of some plants depends on a mutually beneficial association between a root and a fungus. The association is known as a _____________. a. root nodule b. mycorrhiza c. root hair d. root hypha

A vascular cylinder consists of cells of the ____________. a. exodermis b. endodermis c. root cortex d. xylem and phloem e. b and d f. all of the above

Water evaporation from plant parts is called _____________. a. translocation b. expiration c. transpiration d. tension

Water transport from roots to leaves occurs mainly because of ____________. a. pressure flow b. differences in source and sink solute concentrations c. the pumping force of xylem vessels d. transpiration, tension, and cohesion of water e. a and b

A waxy cuticle is secreted by ___________. a. ground tissue b. epidermal cells c. a stoma d. root hairs

When guard cells swell, ___________. a. transpiration ceases b. sugars enter phloem c. a stoma opens d. root cells die

Stomata open in response to light when __________. a. guard cells pump ions into their cytoplasm b. guard cells pump ions out of their cytoplasm c. water evaporates out of guard cells

Tracheids are part of _______________. a. cortex b. mesophyll c. phloem d. xylem

Sieve tubes are part of ______________. a. cortex b. mesophyll c. phloem d. xylem

When soil is dry, guard cells respond to _____________ by collapsing against one another, so stomata close. a. air temperature b. low humidity c. phloem d. xylem

Transport of photosynthetically produced sugars from leaves to roots occurs by ______________. a. pressure flow b. differences in source and sink solute concentrations c. the pumping force of xylem vessels d. transpiration, tension, and cohesion of water e. a and b

Match the concepts of plant nutrition and transport. ____________ stomata ____________ nutrient ____________ sink ____________ root system ____________ hydrogen bonds ____________ transpiration ____________ translocation a. evaporation from plant parts b. harvests soil water and nutrients c. balance water loss with gas exchange d. cohesion in water transport e. sugars unloaded from sieve tubes f. organic compounds distributed through the plant body g. required element