Chapter 54

A community and its abiotic environment best define a(an) (a) biogeochemical cycle (b) biosphere (c) ecosystem (d) food web (e) trophic level

The movement of matter is and the movement of energy is (a) linear; linear (b) linear; cyclic (c) cyclic; cyclic (d) cyclic; linear (e) cyclic, linear or cyclic

A complex of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem is called a(an) (a) ecosystem (b) pyramid of numbers (c) pyramid of biomass (d) biosphere (e) food web

Which of the following shows the correct flow of energy through ecosystems? (a) sun \(\longrightarrow\) primary consumer \(\longrightarrow\), secondary consumer \(\longrightarrow\) producer (b) sun \(\longrightarrow\) producer \(\longrightarrow\) secondary consumer \(\longrightarrow\) primary consumer (c) sun \(\longrightarrow\) secondary consumer \(\longrightarrow\) primary consumer \(\longrightarrow\) producer (d) sun \(\longrightarrow\) producer \(\longrightarrow\) primary consumer \(\longrightarrow\) secondary consumer (e) sun \(\longrightarrow\) primary consumer \(\longrightarrow\) producer \(\longrightarrow\) secondary consumer

The quantitative estimate of the total amount of living material is called (a) biomass (b) energy flow (c) gross primary productivity (d) plant respiration (e) net primary productivity

Which of the following equations shows the relationship between gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP)? (a) GPP = NPP - photosynthesis (b) NPP \(=\) GPP - photosynthesis (c) GPP \(=\) NPP - plant respiration (d) NPP = GPP - plant respiration (e) NPP = GPP - animal respiration

Which of the following processes increase(s) the amount of atmospheric carbon in the carbon cycle? (a) photosynthesis (b) cellular respiration (c) combustion (d) a and \(c\) (e) b and \(c\)

In the carbon cycle, carbon is found in (a) limestone rock (b) oil, coal, and natural gas (c) living organisms (d) the atmosphere (e) all of the preceding

In the nitrogen cycle, gaseous nitrogen is converted to ammonia during (a) nitrogen fixation (b) nitrification (c) assimila- tion (d) ammonification (e) denitrification

The conversion of ammonia to nitrate, known as is a two-step process performed by soil bacteria. (a) nitrogen fixation (b) nitrification (c) assimilation (d) ammonification (e) denitrification

This biogeochemical cycle does not have a gaseous component but cycles from the land to sediments in the ocean and back to the land. (a) carbon cycle (b) nitrogen cycle (c) phosphorus cycle (d) hydrologic cycle (e) neither a nor c has a gaseous component

Which of the following processes is not directly involved in the hydrologic cycle? (a) transpiration (b) evaporation (c) precipitation (d) nitrification (e) condensation

The which results from the rotation of Earth, displaces the paths of atmospheric and ocean currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. (a) upwelling (b) prevailing wind (c) microclimate (d) El Nifio-Southern Oscillation (e) Coriolis effect

The periodic warming of surface waters of the tropical eastern Pacific that alters both oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns is known as (a) upwelling (b) prevailing wind (c) ocean current (d) El Nino-Southern Oscillation (e) Coriolis effect

A mountain range may produce a downwind arid (a) upwelling (b) rain shadow (c) ocean current (d) microclimate (e) ecological pyramid

Which of the following is an example of top-down processes? (a) orcas in the Pacific prey on sea otters, causing an increase in the sea urchin population and a decline in kelp populations (b) experiments at Hubbard Brook address the hydrology of forests and associated aquatic ecosystems (c) one tree provides food for thousands of insects (d) in African grasslands, the number of herbivores is greater than the number of carnivores (e) there is bioaccumulation of DDT in a Long Island salt marsh