Chapter 44

A molecule recognized as foreign by cells of the immune system is a(an) (a) antibody (b) antigen (c) immunoglobulin (d) interferon (e) cytokine.

Invertebrate defense responses include (a) phagocytosis (b) antimicrobial peptides (c) ability to distinguish between self and nonself (d) a, b, and \(c\) (e) a and c.

Cytokines (a) are regulatory Toll-like receptors (b) prevent the inflammatory response (c) include interferons and interleukins (d) are immunoglobulins (e) include interleukins and complement proteins.

Which of the following is not an action of complement? (a) enhances phagocytosis (b) enhances inflammatory response (c) coats pathogens (d) lyses viruses (e) stimulates allergen release.

Which of the following cells are antigen-presenting cells? (a) NK cells and monocytes (b) macrophages and plasma cells (c) dendritic cells and macrophages (d) mast cells and B cells (e) memory T cells and memory B cells.

Which of the following cells are especially adept at destroying tumor cells? (a) NK cells (b) plasma cells (c) neutrophils (d) B cytotoxic cells (e) mast cells.

Which of the following cells become immunologically competent after processing in the thymus gland? (a) NK cells (b) T cells (c) macrophages (d) B cells (e) plasma cells.

Cells that have a surface marker called \(\mathrm{CD} 4\) are (a) NK cells (b) T cytotoxic cells (c) T helper cells (d) B cells (e) plasma cells.

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (a) encodes a group of cell-surface proteins (b) encodes certain antibodies (c) encodes Toll-like receptors (d) inhibits complement release from macrophages (e) consists of Y-shaped molecules.

Which sequence most accurately describes antibody-mediated immunity? 1\. B cell divides and gives rise to clone 2 . antibodies produced 3\. cells differentiate and form plasma cells 4 . activated T helper cell interacts with B cell displaying same antigen complex 5. B cell activated (a) 1,2,3,4,5 (b) 3,2,1,4,5 (c) 4,5,3,2,1 (d) 4,5,1,3,2 (e) 4,3,1,2,5

A typical antibody (a) is activated by APCs (b) has four identical heavy chains and four identical light chains (c) has IgG and IgD components (d) suppresses phagocyte actions (e) has a Y shape.

Immunoglobulin A (a) recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (b) combines with NK cells (c) prevents pathogens from attaching to epithelial surfaces (d) is found mainly on B-cell surfaces (e) is found mainly on T cells.

When a person is exposed to the same antigen a second time, the response is (a) a secondary immune response (b) a more rapid response (c) a response mediated by dendritic cells (d) \(a, b,\) and \(c(c)\) a and \(b\).

Graft rejection (a) is an example of passive immunity (b) occurs in mild form after immunization (c) generates monoclonal antibodies (d) does not occur when tissue is transplanted from one identical twin to the other (e) is initiated by the thymus gland.

In an allergic reaction, (a) the body is immunodeficient (b) an allergen binds with IgE (c) T helper cells release histamine (d) allergen stimulates graft rejection (e) mast cells are deactivated.

HIV (a) is a retrovirus (b) destroys T cytotoxic cells (c) is attacked mainly by B cells (d) a, b, and \(c\) (e) none of the preceding.