Chapter 22

The first primates evolved about 56 mya from (a) shrewlike monotremes (b) therapsids (c) shrewlike placental mammals (d) tarsiers (e) shrewlike marsupials.

The anthropoids are more closely related to___________ than to __________ . (a) tarsiers; lemurs (b) lemurs; monkeys (c) tree shrews; tarsiers (d) lemurs; tarsiers (e) tree shrews; monkeys.

Unlike Old World monkeys, some New World monkeys have (a) body hair (b) fi ve grasping digits (c) a well-developed cerebrum (d) a bipedal walk (e) a prehensile tail.

Apes and humans are collectively called (a) mammals (b) primates (c) anthropoids (d) hominoids (e) hominids.

With what group do hominoids share the most recent common ancestor? (a) Old World monkeys (b) New World monkeys (c) tarsiers (d) lemurs (e) lorises and galagos.

The ____________ in humans is centered at the base of the skull, positioning the head for erect walking. (a) supraorbital ridge (b) foramen magnum (c) pelvis (d) bony skull crest (e) femur.

Scientists collectively call humans and their immediate ancestors (a) mammals (b) primates (c) anthropoids (d) hominoids (e) hominids.

The earliest hominid fossil found so far belongs to the genus (a) Aegyptopithecus (b) Dryopithecus (c) Sahelanthropus (d) Homo (e) Australopithecus

The earliest hominid that scientists placed in the genus Homo is (a) H. habilis (b) H. ergaster (c) H. erectus (d) H. heidelbergensis (e) H. neanderthalensis.

Some scientists now think that fossils identified as Homo erectus represent which two different species? (a) H. habilis and H. erectus (b) H. ergaster and H. erectus (c) H. heidelbergensis and H. ergaster (d) H. neanderthalensis and H. erectus (e) H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens

Archaic Homo sapiens appeared as early as _____________ years ago. (a) 5 million (b) 400,000 (c) 230,000 (d) 100,000 (e) 5000.

________________ were an early group of humans with short, sturdy builds and heavy supraorbital ridges that lived throughout Europe and western Asia from about 230,000 to 30,000 years ago. (a) Australopithecines (b) Dryopithecines (c) Archaic Homo sapiens (d) Neandertals (e) Cro-Magnons.

The modern human skull lacks (a) small canines (b) a foramen magnum centered in the base of the skull (c) pronounced supraorbital ridges (d) a U-shaped arrangement of teeth on the jaw (e) a large cranium (braincase).

The comparison of genetic material from individuals of regional populations of humans, used to help unravel the origin and migration of modern humans, is known as (a) paleoarchaeology (b) cultural anthropology (c) molecular anthropology (d) cytogenetics (e) genetic dimorphism.

Place the following hominids in chronological order of appearance in the fossil record, beginning with the earliest: 1. H. habilis 2. modern H. sapiens 3. H. neanderthalensis 4. H. erectus (a) 1, 4, 2, 3 (b) 4, 1, 2, 3 (c) 4, 1, 3, 2 (d) 3, 1, 4, 2 (e) 1, 4, 3, 2