Chapter 7

The process of splitting larger molecules into smaller ones is an aspect of metabolism called (a) anabolism (b) fermentation (c) catabolism (d) oxidative phosphorylation (e) chemiosmosis

The synthetic aspect of metabolism is called (a) anabolism (b) fermentation (c) catabolism (d) oxidative phosphorylation (e) chemiosmosis

A chemical process during which a substance gains electrons is called (a) oxidation (b) oxidative phosphorylation (c) deamination (d) reduction (e) dehydrogenation

The pathway through which glucose is degraded to pyruvate is called (a) aerobic respiration (b) the citric acid cycle (c) the oxidation of pyruvate (d) alcohol fermentation (e) glycolysis

The reactions of __________ take place within the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. (a) glycolysis (b) oxidation of pyruvate (c) the citric acid cycle (d) chemiosmosis (e) the electron transport chain

Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it is decarboxylated, oxidized, and combined with coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA, carbon dioxide, and one molecule of (a) NADH (b) FADH \(_{2}\) (c) ATP (d) ADP (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\)

In the first step of the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form (a) pyruvate (b) citrate (c) NADH (d) ATP (e) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)

Dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen atoms from fuel molecules and transfer them to acceptors such as (a) \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (b) ATP and FAD (c) \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{FAD}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CoA}\) and pyruvate

Which of the following is a major source of electrons for the electron transport chain? (a) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) (b) ATP (c) NADH (d) ATP synthase (e) coenzyme A

In the process of ________ electron transport and ATP synthesis are coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (a) chemiosmosis (b) deamination (c) anaerobic respiration (d) glycolysis (e) decarboxylation

Which of the following is a common energy flow sequence in aerobic respiration, starting with the energy stored in glucose? (a) glucose \(\longrightarrow \mathrm{NADH} \longrightarrow\) pyruvate \(\longrightarrow \mathrm{ATP}\) (b) glucose \(\longrightarrow \mathrm{ATP} \longrightarrow \mathrm{NADH} \longrightarrow\) electron transport chain (c) glucose \(\longrightarrow \mathrm{NADH} \longrightarrow\) electron transport chain \(\longrightarrow \mathrm{ATP}\) (d) glucose \(\longrightarrow\) oxy\(\mathrm{gen} \longrightarrow \mathrm{NADH} \longrightarrow\) water (e) glucose \(\longrightarrow \mathrm{FADH}_{2} \longrightarrow \mathrm{NADH} \longrightarrow\) coen- zyme A

Which multiprotein complex in the electron transport chain is responsible for reducing molecular oxygen? (a) complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) (b) complex II (succinate- ubiquinone reductase) (c) complex III (ubiquinonecytochrome coxidoreductase) (d) complex IV (cytochrome coxidase) (e) complex V (ATP synthase)

A net profit of only 2 ATPs can be produced anaerobically from the ________ of one molecule of glucose, compared with a maximum of 38 ATPs produced in (a) fermentation; anaerobic respiration (b) aerobic respiration; fermentation (c) aerobic respiration; anaerobic respiration (d) dehydrogenation; decarboxylation (e) fermentation; aerobic respiration

When deprived of oxygen, yeast cells obtain energy by fermentation, producing carbon dioxide, ATP, and (a) acetyl CoA (b) ethyl alcohol (c) lactate (d) pyruvate (e) citrate

During strenuous muscle activity, the pyruvate in muscle cells may accept hydrogen from NADH to become ______ (a) acetyl CoA (b) ethyl alcohol (c) lactate (d) pyruvate (e) citrate