Chapter 21

List and describe three changes that occur during endurance training and explain how each improves endurance.

Define and describe hypertrophy of skeletal muscles. What conditions stimulate it?

Define and describe hypertruphy of skeletal muscles. What conditions stimulate it?

Discuss the adaptive advantage of cardiac hypertrophy in a human and in a python.

Myostatin is termed a negative growth regulator. Explain the meaning of this term, and describe the consequences of gene mutations that cause myostatin to be nonfunctional.

Explain the reason sprinters benefit from tapered training before a competition. Include considerations of changes in fiber-type distribution during detraining and the factors that influence power output of muscles. Consider the fiber-type composition of muscles that would give a competitive edge to 800 -m runners or to rowers who engage in rapid motions that require high power output over longer periods of time.

Speculate on the reasons dormant animals experience little disuse atrophy, despite inactivity and anorexia.

Speculate on the reasons dommant animals experience little disuse atroply, despite inactivity and anorexia.