Chapter 27

Watch this series of videos (http://openstaxcollege.org/ \(\mathrm{l} /\) oocyte \()\) to look at the movement of the oocyte through the ovary. The cilia in the uterine tube promote movement of the oocyte. What would likely occur if the cilia were paralyzed at the time of ovulation?

A baby's gender is determined at conception, and the different genitalia of male and female fetuses develop from the same tissues in the embryo. View this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/fetus) that compares the development of structures of the female and male reproductive systems in a growing fetus. Where are the testes located for most of gestational time?

What are male gametes called? a. ova b. sperm c. testes d. testosterone

. Leydig cells ________. a. secrete testosterone b. activate the sperm flagellum c. support spermatogenesis d. secrete seminal fluid

Which hypothalamic hormone contributes to the regulation of the male reproductive system? a. luteinizing hormone b. gonadotropin-releasing hormone c. follicle-stimulating hormone d. androgens

What is the function of the epididymis? a. sperm maturation and storage b. produces the bulk of seminal fluid C. provides nitric oxide needed for erections d. spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis takes place in the ________. a. prostate gland b. glans penis c. seminiferous tubules d. ejaculatory duct

What are the female gonads called? a. oocytes b. ova c. oviducts d. ovaries

When do the oogonia undergo mitosis? a. before birth b. at puberty c. at the beginning of each menstrual cycle d. during fertilization

From what structure does the corpus luteum originate? a. uterine corpus b. dominant follicle c. fallopian tube d. corpus albicans

Where does fertilization of the egg by the sperm typically occur? a. vagina b. uterus c. uterine tube d. ovary

Why do estrogen levels fall after menopause? a. The ovaries degrade. b. There are no follicles left to produce estrogen. c. The pituitary secretes a menopause-specific hormone. d. The cells of the endometrium degenerate.

The vulva includes the ________. a. lactiferous duct, rugae, and hymen b. lactiferous duct, endometrium, and bulbourethral glands c. mons pubis, endometrium, and hymen d. mons pubis, labia majora, and Bartholin’s glands

What controls whether an embryo will develop testes or ovaries? a. pituitary gland b. hypothalamus c. Y chromosome d. presence or absence of estrogen

Without SRY expression, an embryo will develop _______. a. male reproductive structures b. female reproductive structures c. no reproductive structures d. male reproductive structures 50 percent of the time and female reproductive structures 50 percent of the time

The timing of puberty can be influenced by which of the following? a. genes b. stress c. amount of body fat d. all of the above

Briefly explain why mature gametes carry only one set of chromosomes.

What special features are evident in sperm cells but not in somatic cells, and how do these specializations function?

What do each of the three male accessory glands contribute to the semen?

Describe how penile erection occurs.

While anabolic steroids (synthetic testosterone) bulk up muscles, they can also affect testosterone production in the testis. Using what you know about negative feedback, describe what would happen to testosterone production in the testis if a male takes large amounts of synthetic testosterone.

Follow the path of ejaculated sperm from the vagina to the oocyte. Include all structures of the female reproductive tract that the sperm must swim through to reach the egg.

Identify some differences between meiosis in men and women.

Endometriosis is a disorder in which endometrial cells implant and proliferate outside of the uterus-in the uterine tubes, on the ovaries, or even in the pelvic cavity. Offer a theory as to why endometriosis increases a woman's risk of infertility.

Explain how the internal female and male reproductive structures develop from two different duct systems.

Explain what would occur during fetal development to an XY individual with a mutation causing a nonfunctional SRY gene.