Chapter 7

Which transmitter causes a skeletal muscle to contract?

Duck breast muscles are red ("dark meat"), whereas chicken breast muscles are white. Which species probably can fly for a longer time before fatiguing?

Why is an ultramarathoner like Bertil Järlaker probably not impressive at short-distance races?

If you hold your arm straight out and someone pulls it down slightly, it quickly bounces back. Which proprioceptor is responsible?

What is the function of Golgi tendon organs?

In what way does the brain anatomy facilitate communication between body sensations and body movements?

How does the posterior parietal cortex contribute to movement? The premotor cortex? The supplementary motor cortex? The prefrontal cortex?

When expert pianists listen to familiar, well-practiced music, they imagine the finger movements, and the finger area of their motor cortex becomes active, even if they are not moving their fingers (Haueisen \& Knösche, 2001 ). If we regard those neurons as another kind of mirror neuron, what do these results imply about the origin of mirror neurons?

What kind of perceptual task would be most impaired by damage to the cerebellum?

If a larger number of parallel fibers are active, what is the effect on the collective output of the Purkinje cells?

In general, do the basal ganglia have more effect on responses to a stimulus or on self-initiated movements?

Which aspect of movement do the basal ganglia control?

What kind of learning depends most heavily on the basal ganglia?

Why does damage to the basal ganglia lead to involuntary movements?

What procedure enables physicians to predict who will or will not get Huntington's disease and to estimate the age of onset?