Chapter 3

What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Can an inhibitory message flow along an axon?

What does a highly active brain area do to increase its blood supply?

Name the three catecholamine neurotransmitters.

When the action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, which ion must enter the presynaptic terminal to evoke release of the neurotransmitter?

How do ionotropic and metabotropic synapses differ in speed and duration of effects?

What are second messengers, and which type of synapse relies on them?

Which part of the pituitary-anterior or posterior-is neural tissue, similar to the hypothalamus? Which part is glandular tissue and produces hormones that control the secretions by other endocrine organs?

In what way is a neuropeptide intermediate between other neurotransmitters and hormones?

What happens to serotonin and catecholamine molecules after they stimulate a postsynaptic receptor?

Is a drug with high affinity and low efficacy an agonist or an antagonist?

What do drug use, sex, gambling, and video game playing have in common?

If incoming serotonin axons were destroyed, LSD would still have its full effects. However, if incoming dopamine axons were destroyed, amphetamine and cocaine would lose their effects. Explain the difference.

Someone who is quitting an addictive substance for the first time is strongly counseled not to try it again. Why?

Methadone users who try taking heroin experience little effect from it. Why?