Chapter 3

What is the difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

Can an inhibitory message propagate along an axon?

What was Loewi's evidence that neurotransmission depends on the release of chemicals?

What does a highly active brain area do, in many cases, to increase its blood supply?

Name the three catecholamine neurotransmitters.

When the action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, which ion must enter the presynaptic terminal to evoke release of the neurotransmitter?

How do ionotropic and metabotropic synapses differ in speed and duration of effects?

What are second messengers, and which type of synapse relies on them?

Which part of the pituitary-anterior or posterior-is neural tissue, similar to the hypothalamus? Which part is glandular tissue and produces hormones that control the secretions by other endocrine organs?

In what way is a neuropeptide intermediate between other neurotransmitters and hormones?

What happens to acetylcholine molecules after they stimulate a postsynaptic receptor?

Is a drug with high affinity and low efficacy an agonist or an antagonist?

What do drug use, sex, gambling, and video-game playing have in common?

How does cocaine influence dopamine synapses?

How does nicotine affect dopamine synapses?

If incoming serotonin axons were destroyed, LSD would still have its full effects. However, if incoming dopamine axons were destroyed, amphetamine and cocaine would lose their effects. Explain the difference.

Name at least two ways a gene could influence alcoholism.

Someone who has quit an addictive substance for the first time is strongly counseled not to try it again. Why?

Who would be likely to drink more alcohol-someone who metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetic acid rapidly or one who metabolizes it slowly?