Chapter 2

Check your understanding of behavioral and cognitive influences by identifying the descriptions. Choose your answers from (a) learned helplessness, (b) modeling, (c) prepared learning, and (d) implicit memory. Karen noticed that every time Tyrone behaved well at lunch, the teacher praised him. Karen decided to behave better to receive praise herself.___________

Theorists have abandoned the notion that any one factor can explain abnormal behavior; they favor an integrative model. Match each of the following scenarios to its most likely influence or influences: (a) behavioral, (b) biological, (c) emotional, (d) social, and (e) developmental. The fact that some phobias are more common than others (such as fear of heights and snakes) and may have contributed to the survival of the species in the past suggests that phobias may be genetically prewired. This is evidence for which influence? ______________

Check your understanding of the brain structures and neurotransmitters. Match each with its description below: (a) frontal lobe, (b) brain stem, (c) GABA, (d) midbrain, (e) serotonin, (f) dopamine, (g) norepinephrine, and (h) cerebral cortex. Movement, breathing, and sleeping depend on the ancient part of the brain, which is present in most animals. __________

Theorists have abandoned the notion that any one factor can explain abnormal behavior; they favor an integrative model. Match each of the following scenarios to its most likely influence or influences: (a) behavioral, (b) biological, (c) emotional, (d) social, and (e) developmental. Jan’s husband, Jinx, was an unemployed jerk who spent his life chasing women other than his wife. Jan, happily divorced for years, cannot understand why the smell of Jinx’s brand of aftershave causes her to become nauseated. Which influence best explains her response? ______________

Check your understanding of behavioral and cognitive influences by identifying the descriptions. Choose your answers from (a) learned helplessness, (b) modeling, (c) prepared learning, and (d) implicit memory. Josh stopped trying to please his father because he never knows whether his father will be proud or outraged._________

Determine whether these statements relating to the genetic contributions of psychopathology are true (T) or false (F). ______________ No individual genes have been identified that cause any major psychological disorders.

Check your understanding of the brain structures and neurotransmitters. Match each with its description below: (a) frontal lobe, (b) brain stem, (c) GABA, (d) midbrain, (e) serotonin, (f) dopamine, (g) norepinephrine, and (h) cerebral cortex. Which neurotransmitter binds to neuron receptor sites, inhibiting postsynaptic activity and reducing overall arousal? __________

Fill in the blanks to complete these statements relating to the cultural, social, and developmental factors influencing psychopathology. The likelihood of your having a particular phobia is powerfully influenced by your ______________.

Theorists have abandoned the notion that any one factor can explain abnormal behavior; they favor an integrative model. Match each of the following scenarios to its most likely influence or influences: (a) behavioral, (b) biological, (c) emotional, (d) social, and (e) developmental. Nathan, age 16, finds it more difficult than his 7-year-old sister to adjust to his parents’ recent separation. This may be explained by what influences? ______________

Check your understanding of behavioral and cognitive influences by identifying the descriptions. Choose your answers from (a) learned helplessness, (b) modeling, (c) prepared learning, and (d) implicit memory. Greg fell into a lake as a baby and almost drowned. Even though Greg has no recollection of the event, he hates to be around large bodies of water._______

Determine whether these statements relating to the genetic contributions of psychopathology are true (T) or false (F). ______________ According to the diathesis–stress model, people inherit a vulnerability to express certain traits or behaviors that may be activated under certain stress conditions.

Check your understanding of the brain structures and neurotransmitters. Match each with its description below: (a) frontal lobe, (b) brain stem, (c) GABA, (d) midbrain, (e) serotonin, (f) dopamine, (g) norepinephrine, and (h) cerebral cortex. Which neurotransmitter is a switch that turns on various brain circuits? __________

Fill in the blanks to complete these statements relating to the cultural, social, and developmental factors influencing psychopathology. A large number of studies have demonstrated that the greater the number and frequency of ______________ relationships and ______________, the longer you are likely to live.

Theorists have abandoned the notion that any one factor can explain abnormal behavior; they favor an integrative model. Match each of the following scenarios to its most likely influence or influences: (a) behavioral, (b) biological, (c) emotional, (d) social, and (e) developmental. A traumatic ride on a Ferris wheel at a young age was most likely to have been the initial cause of Juanita’s fear of heights. Her strong emotional reaction to heights is likely to maintain or even increase her fear. The initial development of the phobia is likely a result of ______________ influences; however, ______________ influences are likely perpetuating the phobia.

Check your understanding of behavioral and cognitive influences by identifying the descriptions. Choose your answers from (a) learned helplessness, (b) modeling, (c) prepared learning, and (d) implicit memory. Juanita was scared to death of the tarantula, even though she knew it wasn't likely to hurt her._________

Determine whether these statements relating to the genetic contributions of psychopathology are true (T) or false (F). ______________ The idea that individuals may have a genetic endowment to increase the probability that they will experience stressful life events and therefore trigger a vulnerability is in accordance with the diathesis–stress model.

Check your understanding of the brain structures and neurotransmitters. Match each with its description below: (a) frontal lobe, (b) brain stem, (c) GABA, (d) midbrain, (e) serotonin, (f) dopamine, (g) norepinephrine, and (h) cerebral cortex. Which neurotransmitter seems to be involved in our emergency reactions or alarm responses? __________

Determine whether these statements relating to the genetic contributions of psychopathology are true (T) or false (F). ______________ Environmental events alone influence the development of our behavior and personalities.

Fill in the blanks to complete these statements relating to the cultural, social, and developmental factors influencing psychopathology. The principle of ______________ is used in developmental psychopathology to indicate that we must consider a number of paths to a given outcome.

Check your understanding of the brain structures and neurotransmitters. Match each with its description below: (a) frontal lobe, (b) brain stem, (c) GABA, (d) midbrain, (e) serotonin, (f) dopamine, (g) norepinephrine, and (h) cerebral cortex. Which neurotransmitter is believed to influence the way we process information, as well as to moderate or inhibit our behavior? ________

Check your understanding of the brain structures and neurotransmitters. Match each with its description below: (a) frontal lobe, (b) brain stem, (c) GABA, (d) midbrain, (e) serotonin, (f) dopamine, (g) norepinephrine, and (h) cerebral cortex. More than \(80 \%\) of the neurons in the human central ner- vous system are contained in this part of the brain, which gives us distinct qualities.________

Check your understanding of the brain structures and neurotransmitters. Match each with its description below: (a) frontal lobe, (b) brain stem, (c) GABA, (d) midbrain, (e) serotonin, (f) dopamine, (g) norepinephrine, and (h) cerebral cortex. This area is responsible for most of our memory, thinking, and reasoning capabilities and makes us social animals. ________