Chapter 5

Define isomer.

Draw two isomers with the formula \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\)

A monosaccharide has 4 carbon atoms. What is its chemical formula?

What are the differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides?

Compare and contrast simple and complex carbohydrates.

Define electronegativity.

Describe the periodic trends for electronegativity values.

Distinguish between nonpolar and polar covalent bonds.

Place the following bonds in order from least to most polar. Use periodic trends to determine the correct order without looking at electronegativity values. a. \(\mathrm{PCl}\) b. \(\mathrm{SCl}\) c. \(\mathrm{PBr}\) d. \(\mathrm{CBr}\)

Label each of the molecules as nonpolar or polar covalent. a. \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\) c. \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\)

Describe the types of molecules that have the following types of intermolecular forces. a. London dispersion forces b. dipole-dipole forces c. hydrogen bonding

Why are the intermolecular forces in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) and \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}\) so different from one another?

What is the relationship between the strength of intermolecular forces in a molecule and its boiling point?

Define chromatography.

List two types of chromatography.