Chapter 14

What do enzymes do in the body?

Describe each of the following. a. active site b. substrate c. allosteric site d. inhibitor

How are competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors similar and different from one another?

An inhibitor interacts with the enzyme at an allosteric site. Is it competitive or noncompetitive?

Each of the following behaves as a cofactor or a coenzyme. Identify each. a. \(\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}\) b. \(\operatorname{Vitamin} \mathrm{B} 12\) c. biotin d. \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\)

Identify each statement as true or false. Correct the false statement(s). a. Enzyme activity increases with temperature. b. Enzyme activity depends on \(\mathrm{pH}\). c. Enzymes are consumed in a chemical reaction. d. Increasing the concentration will increase the rate of a reaction until all of the enzyme is "occupied". e. Enzymes can only function at their ideal temperature and \(\mathrm{pH}\).

What is the functional group in a fatty acid?

What is the difference between a fat and an oil?

Butter is a fat that is a solid at room temperature. What type of fatty acid does butter contain? How do you know?

Describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

Explain why molecules of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids have different shapes.

Draw each structure. a. Saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms. b. Monounsaturated fatty acid with 14 carbon atoms. c. Polyunsaturated fatty acid with 14 carbon atoms. d. Monounsaturated with 16 carbon atoms. e. Polyunsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms and three double bonds.

What molecules react to form a triglyceride?

What is a phospholipid?

Which part of the phospholipid molecule is water-soluble?

What is the purpose of a semipermeable membrane like the cell membrane?