Chapter 3

If \(d\) is finite, and the particles have the same charge (that is, \(q_{1}=q_{2}\) ), is \(V>0\) or is \(V<0 ?\) Explain your answer.

If \(q\) for an electron is \(-1\), a) what is \(q\) for a proton? b) what is \(q\) for a neutron? c) what is \(q\) for the nucleus of a \(C\) atom?

Recall that a \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}\) atom consists of a proton as the nucleus and an electron outside of the nucleus. Is the potential energy, \(V\), of a hydrogen atom a positive or negative number? Explain your answer.

Which of the following systems will have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning. a) an electron at a distance of \(500 \mathrm{pm}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+2\) b) an electron at a distance of 700 pm from a nucleus with charge \(+2\)

Which of the following systems will have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning. a) an electron at a distance \(d_{1}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+2\) b) an electron at a distance \(d_{1}\) from a nucleus with charge \(+1\)

Consider a hydrogen atom and a helium ion, \(\mathrm{He}^{+}\). Which of these do you expect to have the larger ionization energy? Explain your reasoning, including any assumptions you make.