Chapter 5

a) How many electrons are in the valence shell of \(\mathrm{H}\) ? Of He? Of Li? b) How many inner shell (core) electrons does H have? He? Li? c) What is the core charge of \(\mathrm{H}\) ? Of He? Of \(\mathrm{Li}\) ?

a) Why is the nuclear charge of Be "+4"? b) How many inner shell (core) electrons does Be have? c) How many valence electrons does Be have? d) Show how the core charge for Be was calculated. e) What is the relationship between the number of valence electrons and the core charge of a neutral atom?

How many electrons does Na have in shell \(n=1 ? n=2 ? n=3 ?\)

How does the core charge for Na compare to the core charge for Li?

Locate \(\mathrm{F}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}\) on the periodic table. a) Describe any relationship between the core charge of these atoms, the number of valence electrons, and their position in the periodic table. b) Describe any relationship between the valence shell of these atoms and their position in the periodic table. c) Within our model and referring to the Coulombic Potential Energy expression, explain why the \(\mathrm{IE}_{1}\) of \(\mathrm{Cl}\) is less than that of \(\mathrm{F}\).

Based on its position in the periodic table, what is the valence shell and what is the core charge for \(\mathrm{C}\). Explain your reasoning.

How does the core charge on the neutral atom change as we move from left to right across a row (period) of the periodic table?

Within our model and referring to the Coulombic Potential Energy expression, explain why the IE increases from left to right across a row of the periodic table.