Chapter 35

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of (A) cell differentiation. (B) morphogenesis. (C) cell division. (D) cell elongation.

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the (A) core. (B) pericycle. (C) endodermis. (D) pith.

Heartwood and sapwood consist of (A) bark. (B) periderm. (C) secondary xylem. (D) secondary phloem.

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by (A) a change in the shape of the leaves produced. (B) the initiation of secondary growth. (C) the formation of lateral roots. (D) the activation of flower-inducing genes.

The vascular cambium gives rise to (A) all xylem. (B) all phloem. (C) primary xylem and phloem. (D) secondary xylem and phloem.

The root pericycle is the site where (A) secondary growth originates. (B) root hairs originate. (C) lateral roots originate. (D) the endodermis originates.

Root apical meristems are found (A) only in taproots. (B) only in lateral roots. (C) only in adventitious roots. (D) in all roots.

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity? (A) secondary xylem (B) leaves (C) dermal tissue (D) all of the above

A strawberry plant mutant that fails to make stolons would suffer from (A) too little mineral absorption. (B) a tendency to topple over. (C) too little water absorption. (D) a reduction in asexual reproduction.

Visitors to the state of Washington can marvel at an unusual sight: a bicycle embedded \(4 \mathrm{~m}\) above the ground in a living tree. Use your knowledge of primary and secondary growth to visualize and explain how this happened.

Grasslands typically do not flourish when large herbivores are removed. Instead, grasslands are replaced by broad-leaved herbaceous eudicots, shrubs, and trees. Based on your knowledge of the structure and growth habits of monocots versus eudicots, suggest a reason why.

Hunger and malnutrition are urgent problems for many poor countries, yet plant biologists in wealthy nations have focused most of their research efforts on Arabidopsis thaliana. Some people have argued that if plant biologists are truly concerned about fighting world hunger, they should study cassava and plantain because these two crops are staples for many of the world's poor. If you were an Arabidopsis researcher, how might you respond to this argument?