Chapter 49

Activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system \begin{equation} \begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) increases heart rate. }} \\ {\text { (B) enhances digestion. }} \\ {\text { (C) triggers release of epinephrine. }} \\\ {\text { (D) causes conversion of glycogen to glucose. }}\end{array} \end{equation}

Which of the following structures or regions is \(incorrectly\) paired with its function? \begin{equation} \begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) limbic system-motor control of speech }} \\\ {\text { (B) medulla oblongata-homeostatic control }} \\ {\text { (C) cerebellum-coordination of movement and balance }} \\ {\text { (D) amygdala- emotional memory }}\end{array} \end{equation}

Patients with damage to Wernicke's area have difficulty \begin{equation} \begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) coordinating limb movement. }} \\ {\text { (B) generating speech. }} \\ {\text { (C) recognizing faces. }} \\ {\text { (D) understanding language. }}\end{array} \end{equation}

The cerebral cortex does \(not\) play a major role in \begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll}{\text { (A) short-term memory. }} & {\text { (C) circadian rhythm. }} \\ {\text { (B) long-term memory. }} & {\text { (D) breath holding. }}\end{array} \end{equation}

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke? \begin{equation} \begin{array}{ll}{\text { (A) the left frontal lobe }} & {\text { (C) the right parietal lobe }} \\ {\text { (B) the right frontal lobe }} & {\text { (D) the corpus callosum }}\end{array} \end{equation}

Injury localized to the hypothalamus would most likely disrupt \begin{equation} \begin{array}{l}{\text { (A) regulation of body temperature. }} \\ {\text { (B) short-term memory. }} \\ {\text { (C) executive functions, such as decision making. }} \\ {\text { (D) sorting of sensory information. }}\end{array} \end{equation}

EVOLUTION CONNECTION Scientists often use measures of "higher-order thinking" to assess intelligence in other animals. For example, birds are judged to have sophisticated thought processes because they can use tools and make use of abstract concepts. Identify problems you see in defining intelligence in these ways.

SCENTIFIC INQUIRY Consider an individual who had been fluent in American Sign Language before suffering an injury to his left cerebral hemisphere. After the injury, he could still understand that sign language but could not readily generate sign language that represented his thoughts. Propose two hypotheses that could explain this finding. How might you distinguish between them?

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY With increasingly sophisticated methods for scanning brain activity, scientists are developing the ability to detect an individual's particular emotions and thought processes from outside the body. What benefits and problems do you envision when such technology becomes readily available? Explain.