Chapter 5

Describe a habitat where you would find a psychrophile, and one where you would find a hyperthermophile. How can these organisms survive under such harsh conditions? (Sections \(5.12\) and 5.13)

Contrast an aerotolerant and an obligate anaerobe in terms of sensitivity to \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) and ability to grow in the presence of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\). How does an aerotolerant anaerobe differ from a microaerophile? (Section 5.16)

Describe the principle of the autoclave. How does it differ from simple boiling? Microbial culture media does not boil in the autoclave; why not? (Section 5.17)

Describe the effects of a lethal dose of ionizing radiation at the molecular level. (Section 5.18)

Contrast the action of disinfectants and antiseptics. Disinfectants are not used on living tissue; why not? (Section 5.19)