Chapter 18

What is the principle of the Winogradsky column, and what types of organisms does it serve to enrich? How might a Winogradsky column be used to enrich organisms present in an extreme environment, like a hot spring microbial mat? (Section 18.1)

What is the GFP? In what ways does a green fluorescing cell differ from a cell fluorescing from, for example, phylogenetic staining? (Sections \(18.3\) and 18.4)

Can nucleic acid probes in microbial ecology be as sensitive as culturing methods? What advantages do nucleic acid methods have compared with culture methods? What disadvantages? (Sections \(18.4\) and 18.6)

What are the major advantages of radioisotopic methods in the study of microbial ecology? What type of controls (discuss at least two) would you include in a radioisotopic experiment to show \({ }^{14} \mathrm{CO}_{2}\) incorporation by phototrophic bacteria or to show \({ }^{35} \mathrm{SO}_{4}{\underline{\phantom{xx}}}^{2-}\) reduction by sulfate-reducing bacteria? (Section 18.8)

How might you combine SIP and NanoSIMS to identify novel methane-consuming cells in a natural community? (Sections \(18.10\) and \(18.11\) )