Chapter 22

All vertebrates have _____. a. an open circulatory system b. a closed circulatory system c. a four-chamber heart d. hemolymph

The ________ serves as the cardiac pacemaker. a. \(\mathrm{AV}\) node b. SA node c. AV valve d. brain stem

In humans, circulating red blood cells ____________. a. produce plasma proteins called albumins b. remain functional for about a week c. have no nucleus or mitochondria d. defend the body against pathogens

Systolic blood pressure is _____. a. usually measured in the aorta b. the pressure when ventricles are contracting c. lower than diastolic blood pressure d. the pressure that forces AV valves open

In a person at rest, the largest volume of blood is in the _______. a. arteries b. capillaries c. veins d. arterioles

Most oxygen travels from the lungs to the body tissues __________. a. bound to hemoglobin b. combined with carbon as carbon dioxide c. dissolved in plasma d. in lymph

The _______ circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs, then back to the heart. a. pulmonary b. systemic

The heart chamber with the thickest wall pumps blood into the __________. a. aorta b. pulmonary artery c. pulmonary vein d. superior vena cava

The tracheal tubes of insects carry _________ to tissues deep inside the body. a. hemolymph b. blood c. air d. water

In human lungs, gas exchange occurs at the ______. a. bronchi b. bronchioles c. alveoli d. epiglottis

When you breathe quietly, inhalation is ______ and exhalation is _________. a. passive; passive b. active; active c. passive; active d. active; passive

During inhalation, the ____________. a. thoracic cavity expands b. glottis closes c. diaphragm relaxes d. alveoli deflate

Inhaled air flows from the larynx directly into __________. a. the pharynx b. the trachea c. a bronchiole d. a bronchus

Match each disorder with its description. $$ \text {anemia} \quad \quad \text {a. heart stops beating } $$ $$ \text {atherosclerosis} \quad \quad \text {b. alveoli walls break down} $$ $$ \text {hypertension} \quad \quad \text { c. airways constrict } $$ $$ \text {emphysema} \quad \quad \text { d. impaired blood clotting }$$ $$ \text {hemophilia} \quad \quad \text { e. chronic high blood pressure} $$ $$ \text {cardiac arrest} \quad \quad \text {f. inflammation of bronchi} $$ $$ \text {asthma } \quad \quad \text { g. too few red blood cells }$$ $$ \text { bronchitis} \quad \quad \text {h. narrows arteries} $$

Match the words with their descriptions. $$ \text {plasma} \quad \quad \text {a. receives blood from veins} $$ $$ \text {alveolus} \quad \quad \text { b. fluid component of blood} $$ $$ \text {hemoglobin} \quad \quad \text { c. site of gas exchange} $$ $$ \text {veins} \quad \quad \text {d. gap between vocal cords} $$ $$ \text {trachea} \quad \quad \text { e. drives blood flow from heart} $$ $$ \text {glottis} \quad \quad \text { f. windpipe} $$ $$ \text {ventricle} \quad \quad \text { g. return blood to heart} $$ $$ \text {atrium} \quad \quad \text { h. reversibly binds oxygen} $$