Chapter 19

The amount of solar radiation reaching the ground is greatest at ___________. a. the equator b. the north pole c. mid-latitudes d. the south pole

When air is heated, it __________ and can hold __________ water. a. sinks; less b. sinks; more c. rises; less d. rises; more

Most North American __________ has been converted to cropland. a. tundra b. prairie c. desert d. boreal forest

Plants in __________ are adapted to grazing and periodic fires. a. deserts b. boreal forests c. tropical rain forests d. grasslands

Permafrost underlies ___________. a. savanna b. tundra c. desert d. prairie

The oldest and most productive biome is ___________. a. boreal forest b. tundra c. tropical rain forest d. desert

Bacteria and archaea that can obtain energy from minerals are the main producers at __________ . a. hydrothermal vents b. estuaries c. coral reefs d. seamounts

Match the ecosystem with the most suitable description. $$ \text {tundra } \quad \quad \text {a. freshwater and seawater mix} $$ $$ \text {chaparral} \quad \quad \text {b. low humidity, and little rainfall} $$ $$ \text {desert} \quad \quad \text {c. North American grassland} $$ $$ \text {prairie} \quad \quad \text {d. fire-adapted shrubs with tough leaves} $$ $$ \text {estuary} \quad \quad \text {e. coldest biome} $$ $$ \text {boreal forest} \quad \quad \text {f. most extensive biome} $$ $$ \text {coral reef} \quad \quad \text {g. main producers are protists} $$ $$ \text {tropical rain forest} \quad \quad \text {h. broad-leaved trees are active all year} $$

An __________ species is one whose population level has become so low that it is at great risk of extinction in the near future. a. endemic b. endangered c. indicator d. exotic

An __________ species can be monitored to gauge the health of its environment. a. endemic b. endangered c. indicator d. exotic

The 1930 s environmental disaster known as the Dust Bowl is an example of __________. a. deforestation b. desertification c. ecological restoration d. species extinction

The ozone layer __________. a. is getting thicker b. helps keep Earth warm c. is a layer in the deep ocean d. screens out UV radiation

__________ contributes to formation of acid rain. a. Use of CFCs b. Habitat fragmentation c. Burning fossil fuels d. Discarding plastic waste

Some mosquito species are expanding their range as a result of __________. a. acid rain b. global climate change c. ozone depletion d. plastic pollution