Chapter 27

Roots and shoots lengthen through activity at _____. a. apical meristems b. lateral meristems c. vascular cambium d. cork cambium

_____ conducts water and mineral ions; ______ conducts sugar. a. Phloem; xylem b. Xylem; phloem

Mesophyll consists of ______. a. waxes and cutin b. lignified cell walls c. parenchyma cells d. cork but not bark

Which of the following cell types are alive in mature tissue? a. companion cells b. sieve-tube members c. tracheids d. vessel members

Xylem and phloem are _____ tissues. a. ground b. vascular c. dermal d. both b and c

A cylindrical arrangement of vascular bundles is characteristic of _____. a. monocot stems b. eudicot stems c. monocot roots d. eudicot roots

The activity of lateral meristems _____ older roots and stems. a. lengthens b. thickens c. both a and b

Plants obtain carbon from _____. a. soil water b. air c. both a and b

Plants obtain phosphorus from _____. a. soil water b. air c. both a and b

Decomposing matter in soil is called _____. a. clay b. humus c. silt d. sand

Water evaporation from plant parts is called _____. a. translocation b. cohesion c. transpiration d. tension

When guard cells swell, _____. a. transpiration ceases b. sugars enter phloem c. stomata open d. root cells die

Tree rings occur when _____. a. there are droughts during growth seasons b. environmental conditions influence xylem cell size c. heartwood alternates with sapwood d. periderm replaces epidermis

Water transport from roots to leaves occurs by _____. a. a pressure gradient inside sieve tubes b. different solutes at source and sink regions c. the pumping force of xylem vessels d. transpiration, tension, and cohesion of water

Sugar transport from leaves to roots occurs by _____. a. a pressure gradient inside sieve tubes b. different solutes at source and sink regions c. the pumping force of xylem vessels d. transpiration, tension, and cohesion of water