Chapter 15

True or false? Animal cells do not have walls.

The colonial theory of animal origins states that _____. a. animals are more closely related to plants than to fungi b. animals evolved from a colonial protist c. most animals live in colonies d. all animals have a backbone

A body cavity that is fully lined with tissue derived from mesoderm is a _____. a. pseudocoelom b. kidney c. coelom d. gastrovascular cavity

Most animal bodies have _____ symmetry. a. radial b. bilateral c. no

Earthworms are most closely related to _____. a. insects b. tapeworms c. leeches d. roundworms

The _____ have a cuticle and molt as they grow. a. roundworms b. annelids c. arthropods d. both a and \(c\)

List the four distinguishing chordate traits. Which of these traits are retained by an adult tunicate?

True or false? A shark's vertebral column is made of bone.

All vertebrates are _____ but only some are ______. a. tetrapods; mammals b. chordates; amniotes c. amniotes; hominins d. bipedal; australopiths

Amniote adaptations to land include _____. a. waterproof skin b. internal fertilization c. highly efficient kidneys d. specialized eggs e. a and c f. all of the above

True or false? Australopiths belong to the species Homo.

Birds and placental mammals _____. a. are ectotherms b. lay eggs c. have mammary glands d. have a four-chambered heart

Match the organisms with the appropriate description. ______sponges ______cnidarians ______flatworms ______roundworms ______annelids ______arthropods ______mollusks ______echinoderms ______amphibians ______fishes ______birds ______mammals a. most diverse vertebrates b. no true tissues, no organs c. jointed exoskeleton d. mantle over body mass e. segmented worms f. tube feet, spiny skin g. have specialized stinging cells h.lay amniote eggs i. feed young secreted milk j. unsegmented, molting worms k. first terrestrial tetrapods l. saclike gut, no coelom

Arrange the events in order, from most ancient to most recent. _____1 _____2 _____3 _____4 _____5 _____6 a. Cambrian explosion of diversity b. Origin of animals c. Tetrapods move onto the land d. Extinction of dinosaurs e. Homo erectus leaves Africa f. First jawed vertebrates evolve