Chapter 11

The number of species on an island usually depends on the size of the island and its distance from a mainland. This statement would most likely be made by _______ a. an explorer b. a biogeographer c. a geologist d. a philosopher

The bones of a bird's wing are similar to the bones in a bat's wing. This observation is an example of ________ a. uniformity b. evolution c. comparative morphology d. a lineage

Evolution ______ a. is natural selection b. is heritable change in a line of descent c. can occur by natural selection d. \(b\) and \(c\) are correct

A trait is adaptive if it ______ a. arises by mutation b. increases fitness c. is passed to offspring d. occurs in fossils

In which type of rock are you more likely to find a fossil? a. basalt, a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock b. limestone, composed of sedimented calcium carbonate c. slate, a volcanically melted and cooled shale d. granite, which forms by crystallization of molten rock below Earth's surface e. all are equally likely to hold fossils

Which of the following is a fossil? a. an insect encased in 10 -million-year-old tree sap b. a woolly mammoth frozen in Arctic permafrost for the last 50,000 years c. mineral-hardened remains of a whalelike animal found in an Egyptian desert d. an impression of a plant leaf in a rock e. all of the above can be considered fossils

If the half-life of a radioisotope is 20,000 years, then a sample in which three-quarters of that radioisotope has decayed is _______ years old. a. 15,000 b. 26,667 \(c .30,000\) d. 40,000

Did Pangea or Gondwana form first?

Homologous structures among major groups of organisms may differ in _______ a. size b. shape c. function d. all of the above

By altering steps in the program by which embryos develop, a mutation in a _________ may lead to major differences in body form between related lineages. a. derived trait b. homeotic gene c. homologous structure d. all of the above

All of the following data types can be used as evidence of shared ancestry except similarities in ______ a. amino acid sequences b. DNA sequences c. fossil morphologies d. embryonic development e. form due to convergence f. all are appropriate