Chapter 24

_______ is life's primary source of energy. a. Food b. Water c. Sunlight d. ATP

Neurons send signals at _________. a. axon endings b. the cell body c. dendrites d. myelin sheaths

Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy cannot change from one form to another. c. Energy tends to disperse spontaneously.

_________ occur mainly in the brain and spinal cord. a. Sensory neurons b. Motor neurons c. Interneurons d. b and c

If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then an _________ reaction is an uphill run. a. energy-requiring b. energy-releasing c. ATP-assisted d. both a and c

An action potential occurs when _________. a. a neuron reaches threshold potential b. gated sodium channels close c. sodium-potassium pumps stop working d. gated potassium channels open

_____ are always changed by participating in a reaction. (Choose all that are correct.) a. Enzymes b. Cofactors c. Reactants d. Active sites

Neurotransmitters are released by ________. a. dendrites b. axon endings. c. both d. neither

Enzymes _______. a. are proteins, except for a few RNAs b. lower the activation energy of a reaction c. are changed by participating in a reaction d. a and b

When you sit quietly on the couch reading, output from the __________ system prevails. a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. both d. neither

One environmental factor that influences enzyme function is __________. a. temperature b. wind c. light d. radioactivity

Skeletal muscles are controlled by __________ nerves. a. sympathetic b. parasympathetic c. somatic d. both a and b

A metabolic pathway _______. a. may build or break down molecules b. generates heat c. can include an electron transfer chain d. all of the above

Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. Some metabolic pathways are cyclic. b. Glucose can diffuse through a lipid bilayer. c. Feedback inhibition controls some metabolic pathways. d.All coenzymes are cofactors. e. Osmosis is a case of diffusion

The two halves of the cerebrum ____________. a. have identical functions b. are part of the autonomic nervous system c. are connected by the corpus callosum d. consist mainly of motor neurons

Ions or molecules tend to diffuse from a region where they are _____ (more/less) concentrated to another where they are __________ (more/less) concentrated.

The blood-brain barrier controls what enters ____________. a. blood b. cerebrospinal fluid c. peripheral nerves d. both a and b

_______ cannot easily diffuse across a lipid bilayer. a. Water b. Gases c. Ions d. all of the above

Which is a somatic sensation? a. hearing b. smell c. touch d. taste e. both a and \(c\) f. all of the above

Transporters that require an energy boost help sodium ions across a cell membrane. This is a case of __________. a. passive transport b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. a and \(c\)

_________ is a reduced response to an ongoing stimulus. a. Propagation b. Perception c. Sensory adaptation d. Synaptic integration

If you immerse a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, water will __________ a. diffuse into the cell b. diffuse out of the cell c. show no net movement d. move in by endocytosis

Chemoreceptors play a role in the sense of __________. a. hearing b. smell c. vision d. pain

Fluid pressure against a wall or cell membrane is called _______. a. osmosis b. turgor c. diffusion d. osmotic pressure

In a vertebrate eye, photoreceptors are in the __________. a. retina b. cornea c. lens d. conjunctiva

Vesicles form in ___________. a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. phagocytosis d. a and \(c\)

Color blindness arises when _________ are missing or defective. a. hair cells b. rod cells c. cone cells d. neuroglial cells

Match each term with its most suitable description. ______ reactant ______ phagocytosis ______ first law of thermodynamics ______ product ______ cofactor ______ diffusion ______ passive transport ______ active transport ______ ATP a. assists some enzymes b. forms at reaction's end c. enters a reaction d. requires energy boost e. one cell engulfs another f. energy cannot be created or destroyed g. faster with a gradient h.no energy boost required i. currency in an energy economy

Match each structure with its function. _______rod cell _______ cochlea _______ cerebellum _______ brain stem _______ cerebral cortex _______ taste bud _______ myelin _______ neurotransmitter _______ blood–brain barrier _______ vomeronasal organ a. detects pheromones b. connects to spinal cord c. sorts out pressure waves d. protects brain and spinal cord from some toxins e. speeds signal transmission f. contains chemoreceptors g. secreted at synapse h. governs higher thought i. coordinates voluntary moves j. detects light