Chapter 20

A hydrostatic skeleton consists of ________. a. a fluid in an enclosed space b. hardened plates at the surface of a body c. internal hard parts d. none of the above

Bones are ________. a. mineral reservoirs b. skeletal muscle's partners c. sites where blood cells form (some bones only) d. all of the above

The human backbone ________. a. consists of vertebrae and intervertebral cartilage disks b. has a shape adapted to upright walking c. encloses the spinal cord d. all of the above

Bones move when ________ muscles contract. a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth d. all of the above

A ligament connects ________. a. bones at a joint b. a muscle to a bone c. a muscle to a tendon d. a tendon to bone

Binding of ATP ________ to activates it and prepares it to take part in muscle contraction. a. actin b. myosin c. collagen d. bone

A sarcomere shortens when ________. a. thick filaments shorten b. thin filaments shorten c. both thick and thin filaments shorten d. none of the above

Release of ________ from intracellular storage allows actin and myosin to interact. a. sodium ions b. potassium ions c. calcium ions d. collagen

ATP for muscle contraction can be formed by ________ . a. aerobic respiration b. lactate fermentation c. creatine phosphate breakdown d. all of the above

A motor unit is ________. a. a muscle and the bone it moves b. two muscles that work in opposition c. the amount a muscle shortens during contraction d. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

A muscle can ________ bone. a. push against b. pull on c. both d. neither

What protein makes up the thick filaments in a sarcomere?

The knee is________ a joint. a. synovial b. cartilaginous c. fibrous

Match each bone with its description. ________femur ________radius ________vertebrae ________sternum ________cranial bones a. part of skull b. thighbone c. segments of backbone d. breastbone e. forearm bone

Match the words with their definitions. ________muscle fatigue ________muscle twitch ________muscle tension ________muscular dystrophy ________osteoporosis ________arthritis ________sprain ________dislocation ________lactate fermentation ________aerobic respiration a. genetic disorder of muscles b. makes ATP; requires oxygen c. decline in bone density d. decline in muscle tension e. chronic joint inflammation f. brief contraction g. force exerted by contraction h. makes ATP without oxygen i. misplaced bones j. damage to ligaments