Chapter 5

Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. Energy cannot change from one form to another c. Energy tends to disperse spontaneously.

____ is life's primary source of energy. a. Food b. Water c. Sunlight d. ATP

Entropy ___. a. disperses b. is a measure of disorder c. always increases, overall d. \(b\) and \(c\)

If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then \(a(n)\) _____ reaction is, overall, an uphill run. a. endergonic b. exergonic c. catalytic d. both a and c

If we liken a chemical reaction to an energy hill, then activation energy is like ____ . a. a burst of speed b. coasting downhill c. a bump at the top of the hill d. putting on the brakes

_____ are always changed by participating in a reaction. (Choose all that are correct.) a. Enzymes b. Cofactors c. Reactants d. Coenzymes

Name one environmental factor that typically influences enzyme function.

Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Metabolic pathways build or break down the organic molecules of life. b. All metabolic pathways generate heat. c. Electron transfer chains are important sites of energy exchange in many metabolic pathways. d. All metabolic pathways require ATP.

A molecule that donates electrons becomes _____ and the one that accepts electrons becomes ____. a. reduced; oxidized b. ionic; electrified c. oxidized; reduced d. electrified; ionic

All antioxidants ____. a. prevent other molecules from being oxidized b. are coenzymes c. balance charge d. deoxidize free radicals

Solutes tend to diffuse from a region where they are ____(more/less) concentrated to another where they are _____(more/less) concentrated.

_____ cannot easily diffuse across a lipid bilayer. a. Water b. Gases c. Ions d. all of the above

A transport protein requires ATP to pump sodium ions across a membrane. This is a case of ____ . a. passive transport b. active transport c. facilitated diffusion d. a and \(c\)

Immerse a human red blood cell in a hypotonic solution, and water ____. a. diffuses into the cell b. diffuses out of the cell c. shows no net movement d. moves in by endocytosis

Vesicles are part of ___. a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. phagocytosis d. all of the above

Match each term with its most suitable description. ______reactant ______phagocytosis ______first law of thermodynamics ______ product ______ cofactor ______concentration gradient ______ passive transport ______ active transport ______ redox reaction ______ cyclic pathway ______lipid bilayer a. assists enzymes b. forms at reaction's end c. enters a reaction d. requires energy input e. one cell engulfs another f. energy cannot be created or destroyed g. basis of diffusion h. no energy input required i. phospholipids + water j. goes in circles k. electron exchange