Chapter 44

Most commonly, individuals of a population show a ___________ distribution within their habitat. a. clumped b. random c. nearly uniform d. none of the above

The rate at which population size grows or declines depends on the rate of _________. a. births b. deaths c. immigration d. emigration e. a and b f. all of the above

Suppose 200 fish are marked and released in a pond. The following week, 200 fish are caught and 100 of them have marks. There are about ____________ fish in this pond. a. 200 b. 300 c. 400 d. 2,000

A population of worms is growing exponentially in a compost heap. Thirty days ago there were 300 worms and now there are \(600 .\) How many worms will there be thirty days from now, assuming conditions remain constant? a. 1,200 b. 1,600 c. 3,200 d. 6,400

For a given species, the maximum rate of increase per individual under ideal conditions is its __________. a. biotic potential b. carrying capacity c. life history pattern d. age structure

____________ is a density-independent factor that influences population growth. a. Resource competition b. Infectious disease c. Predation d. Harsh weather

A life history pattern is a set of adaptations that influence an individual's __________ . a. longevity b. fertility c. age at reproductive maturity d. all of the above

The human population is now about 7 billion. It reached 6 billion in ____________ . a. 2007 b. 1999 c. 1802 d. 1350

Compared to the less developed countries, the highly developed ones have a higher ___________ . a. death rate b. birth rate c. total fertility rate d. resource consumption rate

Species that live in unpredictable habitats are more likely to show traits that are favored by __________ . a. \(r\) -selection b. K-selection

The ecological footprint of a person in the United States is about ___________ that of a person in India. a. half b. twice c. one-ninth d. nine times

Match each term with its most suitable description. a. maximum rate of increase per individual under ideal conditions b. population growth plots out as an S-shaped curve c. maximum number of individuals sustainable by the resources in a given environment d. population growth plots out as a \(\mathrm{J}\) -shaped curve e. essential resource that restricts population growth when scarce carrying capacity exponential growth biotic potential limiting factor logistic growth