Chapter 3

Organic molecules consist mainly of _______ atoms. a. carbon b. carbon and oxygen c. carbon and hydrogen d. carbon and nitrogen

Each carbon atom can bond with as many as _______ other atom(s).

_______ groups are the "acid" part of amino acids and fatty acids. a. Hydroxyl (- OH) b. Carboxyl ( \(-\mathrm{COOH}\) ) c. Methyl ( \(-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) ) d. Phosphate \(\left(-\mathrm{PO}_{4}\right)\)

_______ is a simple sugar (a monosaccharide). a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Ribose d. Starch e. both a and \(c\) \(f_{1}, a, b,\) and \(c\)

Which three carbohydrates can be built using only glucose monomers? a. Starch, cellulose, and glycogen b. Glucose, sucrose, and ribose c. Cellulose, steroids, and polysaccharides d. Starch, chitin, and DNA e. Triglycerides, nucleic acids, and polypeptides

Unlike saturated fats, the fatty acid tails of unsaturated fats incorporate one or more _______ a. phosphate groups b. glycerols c. double bonds d. single bonds

Steroids are among the lipids with no _______ a. double bonds b. fatty acid tails c. hydrogens d. carbons

Which of the following is a class of molecules that encompasses all of the other molecules listed? a. triglycerides b. fatty acids c. waxes d. steroids e. lipids f. phospholipids

_______ are to proteins as _______ are to nucleic acids. a. Sugars; lipids b. Sugars; proteins c. Amino acids; hydrogen bonds d. Amino acids; nucleotides

A denatured protein has lost its _______ a. hydrogen bonds b. shape c. function d. all of the above

_______ consists of nucleotides. a. Ribose b. RNA c. DNA d. \(b\) and \(c\)

In the following list, identify the carbohydrate, the fatty acid, the amino acid, and the polypeptide: a. \(\mathrm{NH}_{2}-\mathrm{CHR}-\mathrm{COOH}\) b. \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) c. (methionine) \(_{20}\) \(\mathrm{d} . \mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{16} \mathrm{COOH}\)

Match the molecules with the best description. $$ \text {wax} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {a. protein primary structure} $$ $$ \text {starch} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {b. an energy carrier} $$ $$ \text {triglyceride} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {c. water-repellent secretions} $$ $$ \text {DNA} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {d. carries heritable information} $$ $$ \text {polypeptide} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {e. sugar storage in plants} $$ $$ \text {ATP} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {f. richest energy source} $$

Match each polymer with the component monomers. $$ \text { protein} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {a. phosphate, fatty acids} $$ $$ \text {phospholipid} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {b. amino acids, sugars} $$ $$ \text {glycoprotein} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {c. glycerol, fatty acids} $$ $$ \text {fat} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {d. nucleotides} $$ $$ \text {nucleic acid} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {e. glucose only} $$ $$ \text {wax} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {f. sugar, phosphate, base} $$ $$ \text {nucleotide} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {g. amino acids} $$ $$ \text {lipoprotein} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {h. glucose, fructose} $$ $$ \text {sucrose} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {i. lipids, amino acids} $$ $$ \text {glycogen} \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text {j. fatty acids, carbon rings} $$