Chapter 26

New World monkeys ___. a. lack a tail b. are bipedal c. live only in Africa d. are dry-nosed primates e. are human ancestors f. all of the above

The closest relatives of bonobos are ___. a. chimpanzees b. humans c. tarsiers d. Old World monkeys

An S-shaped backbone is an adaptation to ___. a. tool use b. climbing trees c. bipedalism d. carnivory

The 3.6 -million-year-old footprints left by bipedal walkers in Tanzania were probably made by ___. a. australopiths b. Neanderthals c. modern humans d. Homo erectus

The position where a spinal cord enters the skull provides evidence about whether a fossil species ___. a. was nocturnal b. was carnivorous c. walked upright d. all of the above

Australopiths are ___. a. extinct b. placental mammals c. hominoids d. all of the above

The oldest Homo fossils found outside of Africa are assigned to the species ___. a. \(H .\) sapiens b. \(H .\) habilis c. \(H .\) erectus d. \(H .\) floresiensis

A prominent chin is typical of ___. a. Homo sapiens b. Homo habilis c. Homo erectus d. Homo floresiensis

The oldest Homo sapiens fossils were found in ___ a. the Middle East b. Africa c. Indonesia d. Europe

Modern people native to ___ have a higher degree of genetic diversity than people native to other regions. a. Europe b. Asia c. Africa d. North America

Match each group with its description. $$ \text { hominins } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { a. first to be found outside Africa} $$ $$ \text { australopiths } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { b. modern humans } $$ $$ \text { Homo erectus } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { c. includes all other groups listed } $$ $$ \text { Homo sapiens } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { d. nonhuman but bipedal } $$ $$ \text { Homo habilis } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { e. short- statured, from Indonesia } $$ $$ \text { Homo floresiensis } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { f. most ancient human species} $$

Place the events in order. $$ \text { 1 (earliest) } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { a. Neanderthals disappear } $$ $$ \text { 2 } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { b. monkeys reach the New World } $$ $$ \text { 3 } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { c. early apes colonize Europe } $$ $$ \text { 4 } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { d. Homo erectus leaves Africa } $$ $$ \text { 5 } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { e. divergence of lineages leading to humans and to chimpanzees } $$ $$ \text { 6 } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { f. divergence of wet-nosed and dry-nosed primates } $$ $$ \text { \(7(\text { most recent })\) } \quad \quad\quad\quad\quad \text { g. Homo sapiens evolve in Africa } $$